Brazil

First report of sacbrood virus in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in Brazil

M. Freiberg, De Jong, D., Message, D., and Cox-Foster, D., First report of sacbrood virus in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in Brazil, vol. 11, pp. 3310-3314, 2012.

Sacbrood disease, an affliction of honey bees (Apis mellifera) characterized by brood that fails to pupate and subsequently dies, is an important threat to honey bee health. The disease is caused by the sacbrood virus (SBV), a positive-, single-stranded RNA virus in the order Picornavirales. Because of the economic importance of honey bees for both pollination and honey production, it is vital to understand and monitor the spread of viruses such as SBV.

Diversity among isolates of cowpea severe mosaic virus infecting cowpeas in northeastern Brazil

E. F. M. Abreu, Tinoco, M. L. P., Andrade, E. C., and Aragão, F. J. L., Diversity among isolates of cowpea severe mosaic virus infecting cowpeas in northeastern Brazil, vol. 11, pp. 3146-3153, 2012.

Eleven isolates of cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), a member of the genus Comovirus, were selected from 50 samples collected of nine cowpea fields in Northeastern Brazil (Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, and Distrito Federal) and partially sequenced. The RNA1 partial sequence, corresponding to the helicase, viral genome-linked protein, picornain 3C-like protease, and the RNA-directed RNA polymerase genes from CPSMV, had high identity among isolates, varying from 98 to 100%.

Demographic characterization of Brazilian patients enrolled in the Fabry Registry

A. M. Martins, Kyosen, S. O., Garrote, J., Marques, F. M. V., Guilhem, J. G., Macedo, E., J. Neto, S., and Ura, S., Demographic characterization of Brazilian patients enrolled in the Fabry Registry, vol. 12, pp. 136-142, 2013.

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism caused by alpha-galactosidase A deficiency. The Fabry Registry is an ongoing observational database that compiles clinical data on patients with FD. We analyzed the Fabry Registry data of patients enrolled in Brazil to characterize the demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of this patient population. As of October 2010, 126 Brazilian patients were enrolled in the Registry (61 males, 65 females). The median age at onset of symptoms in males was 9.8 years, compared to 11.4 years in females.

In silico analysis of diverse endophytic fungi by using ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 sequences with isolates from various plant families in Brazil

S. A. Rhoden, Garcia, A., Azevedo, J. L., and Pamphile, J. A., In silico analysis of diverse endophytic fungi by using ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 sequences with isolates from various plant families in Brazil, vol. 12, pp. 935-950, 2013.

Brazil has a great diversity of plants, and considering that all plant species studied to date have endophytic microorganisms (bacteria or fungi), the country is a resource in the search for bioactive compounds. Endophytes live within plants without causing damage and may be in dynamic equilibrium with the health of the plant. Endophytic fungi can be identified by sequencing the region corresponding to internal transcribed spacer 1-5,8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA, and carrying out phylogenetic analyses of these sequences helps to identify species.

Kin structure and parallel dispersal in the black-and-gold howler monkey Alouatta caraya (Platyrrhini, Atelidae)

R. G. Collevatti, Souza-Neto, A. C., Silva-Jr., N. J., and Telles, M. P. C., Kin structure and parallel dispersal in the black-and-gold howler monkey Alouatta caraya (Platyrrhini, Atelidae), vol. 12, pp. 6018-6031, 2013.

We here investigated the kin structure and pattern of dispersal in the black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya, Platyrrhini, Atelidae) based on genotype differences at nine microsatellite loci of 48 individuals from eight social groups along the riparian forest of the Tocantins River, Brazil. The genetic diversity (HE = 0.647) was similar to or higher than previously reported values in other Alouatta species.

Variations in genotype-phenotype correlations in phenylketonuria patients

L. L. Santos, Fonseca, C. G., Starling, A. L. P., Januário, J. N., Aguiar, M. J. B., Peixoto, M. G. C. D., and Carvalho, M. R. S., Variations in genotype-phenotype correlations in phenylketonuria patients, vol. 9, pp. 1-8, 2010.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency is a trait inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern; the associated phenotype varies considerably. This variation is mainly due to the considerable allelic heterogeneity in the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme locus. We examined the genotype-phenotype correlation in 54 phenylketonuria (PKU) patients from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two systems were used. The first was a phenotype prediction system based on arbitrary values (AV) attributed to each mutation and the second was a correlation analysis.

A985G mutation incidence in the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) gene in Brazil

A. C. S. Ferreira, Orlandi, M. P. A., Oliveira, V. C., Malta, F. S. V., Caxito, F. A., Gomes, K. B., Valadares, E. R., and Godard, A. L. B., A985G mutation incidence in the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) gene in Brazil, vol. 8, pp. 487-493, 2009.

In view of the serious consequences of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency and the absence of information about its incidence in the Brazilian population, we examined the frequency of the A985G mutation in the MCAD gene. A retrospective analysis was made of data on 1722 individuals (844 females) genotyped for the A985G mutation in the MCAD gene, using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genotyping with PCR-RFLP; 0.41% of these individuals were heterozygous for the A985G mutation. The mutant homozygous genotype was not found.

Frequency of the S65C mutation in the hemochromatosis gene in Brazil

V. C. Oliveira, Caxito, F. A., Gomes, K. B., Castro, A. M., Pardini, V. C., and Ferreira, A. C. S., Frequency of the S65C mutation in the hemochromatosis gene in Brazil, vol. 8, pp. 794-798, 2009.

Development of hereditary hemochromatosis is asso­ciated with the C282Y, H63D or S65C mutations in the hemochro­matosis gene. Though there is extensive knowledge about the former two, there is little information on the mechanism of action and the allelic frequency of the S65C mutation. We examined the prevalence of the S65C mutation of the hemochromatosis gene in Brazilians with clinical suspicion of hereditary hemochromatosis.

Genetic variation and population structure of two species of neo-tropical mud-mussels (Mytella spp)

M. E. G. C. de Oliveira, Russo, C. A. M., Lazoski, C., Vianna, P. Roberto F., and Solé-Cava, A. M., Genetic variation and population structure of two species of neo-tropical mud-mussels (Mytella spp), vol. 4, pp. 197-202, 2005.

Mytella guyanensis Lamarck (1819) and Mytella charruana d’Orbigny (1846) are widespread euryhaline bivalves that have become commercially important in Brazil. Despite their importance, however, no genetic information that would be useful to orient governmental policies is available for these species. We analyzed, through allozyme electrophoresis, populations of M. guyanensis and M. charruana along 3,500 km of Brazilian coast. Pairwise comparisons among gene frequencies in M.

Temporal genetic differentiation in cultured and natural beds of the brown mussel Perna perna (Mytilidae)

K. T. Appio and Weber, L. I., Temporal genetic differentiation in cultured and natural beds of the brown mussel Perna perna (Mytilidae), vol. 6, pp. 127-136, 2007.

Perna perna is the most important cultivated mussel of Santa Catarina, Brazil, sustaining an important economic input for many local families. Natural stocks of P. perna are depleted by the extraction of adults and seeds for consumption and culture. The aim of the present study was to use the microsatellite locus pms-2 to study the variation of the genetic composition and diversity between natural and cultured stocks in samples of 2001 and 2005 from Penha, Santa Catarina.

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