Breeding

Transferability of microsatellite markers of Capsicum annuum L. to C. frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacq.

S. I. C. Carvalho, Ragassi, C. F., Oliveira, I. B., Amaral, Z. P. S., Reifschneider, F. J. B., Faleiro, F. G., and Buso, G. S. C., “Transferability of microsatellite markers of Capsicum annuum L. to C. frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacq.”, vol. 14, pp. 7937-7946, 2015.

In order to support further genetic, diversity, and phy­logeny studies of Capsicum species, the transferability of a Capsicum annuum L. simple sequence repeat (SSR) microsatellite set was ana­lyzed for C. frutescens L. (“malagueta” and “tabasco” peppers) and C. chinense Jacq. (smell peppers, among other types). A total of 185 SSR primers were evaluated in 12 accessions from 115 C. frutescens L. and 480 C. chinense Jacq, representing different types within each species. Transferability to C.

Classification of cassava genotypes based on qualitative and quantitative data

E. J. Oliveira, Filho, O. S. Oliveira, and Santos, V. S., “Classification of cassava genotypes based on qualitative and quantitative data”, vol. 14, pp. 906-924, 2015.

We evaluated the genetic variation of cassava accessions based on qualitative (binomial and multicategorical) and quantitative traits (continuous). We characterized 95 accessions obtained from the Cassava Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura; we evaluated these accessions for 13 continuous, 10 binary, and 25 multicategorical traits. First, we analyzed the accessions based only on quantitative traits; next, we conducted joint analysis (qualitative and quantitative traits) based on the Ward-MLM method, which performs clustering in two stages.

Effect of ethyl methyl sulfonate concentration and different treatment conditions on germination and seedling growth of the cucumber cultivar Chinese long (9930)

S. N. M. Shah, Gong, Z. - H., Arisha, M. H., Khan, A., and Tian, S. - L., “Effect of ethyl methyl sulfonate concentration and different treatment conditions on germination and seedling growth of the cucumber cultivar Chinese long (9930)”, vol. 14, pp. 2440-2449, 2015.

We attempted to create a new germplasm of cucumber cultivar Chinese long (9930) using different doses of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) to induce variability. We tested EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 3% v/v) with post-treatment (0.1 M Na2S2O3 and water), EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% v/v) over different treatment times (8, 16, 24 h), and EMS concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% v/v) with different treatment temperatures (20 and 28°C).

Genome-wide polymorphisms between the parents of an elite hybrid rice and the development of a novel set of PCR-based InDel markers

K. Wang, Zhuang, J. Y., Huang, D. R., Ying, J. Z., and Fan, Y. Y., “Genome-wide polymorphisms between the parents of an elite hybrid rice and the development of a novel set of PCR-based InDel markers”, vol. 14, pp. 3209-3222, 2015.

Genome-wide re-sequencing of the Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Milyang 46 (MY46) parents of an elite three-line hybrid rice developed in China resulted in the generation of 9.91 G bases of data with an effective sequencing depth of 11.66x and 11.51x, respectively. Detection of genome-wide DNA polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), short insertions/deletions (InDels; 1-5 bp), and structural variations (SVs), which is an invaluable variation resource for genetic research and molecular marker-assisted breeding, was conducted by comparing whole-genome re-sequencing data.

Genetic analysis of QTL for eye cross and eye diameter in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using microsatellites and SNPs

S. B. Jin, Zhang, X. F., Lu, J. G., Fu, H. T., Jia, Z. Y., and Sun, X. W., “Genetic analysis of QTL for eye cross and eye diameter in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using microsatellites and SNPs”, vol. 14, pp. 3557-3569, 2015.

A group of 107 F1 hybrid common carp was used to construct a linkage map using JoinMap 4.0. A total of 4877 microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers isolated from a genomic library (978 microsatellite and 3899 SNP markers) were assigned to construct the genetic map, which comprised 50 linkage groups. The total length of the linkage map for the common carp was 4775.90 cM with an average distance between markers of 0.98 cM.

Chromosome stickiness impairs meiosis and influences reproductive success in Panicum maximum (Poaceae) hybrid plants

C. Pessim, Pagliarini, M. S., Silva, N., and Jank, L., “Chromosome stickiness impairs meiosis and influences reproductive success in Panicum maximum (Poaceae) hybrid plants”, vol. 14, pp. 4195-4202, 2015.

Chromosome stickiness has been studied in several species of higher plants and is characterized by sticky clumps of chromatin resulting in sterility. Chromosome stickiness was recorded in Panicum maximum hybrid plants that were cultivated in the field. In the meiocytes affected, chromosomes clumped into amorphous masses that did not orient themselves on the equatorial plate, and anaphase I disjunction failed to occur. After a normal cytokinesis, the masses of chromatin were divided between both daughter cells.

Molecular characterization of Anthurium genotypes by using DNA fingerprinting and SPAR markers

J. D. Souza Neto, Soares, T. C. B., Motta, L. B., Cabral, P. D. S., and Silva, J. A., “Molecular characterization of Anthurium genotypes by using DNA fingerprinting and SPAR markers”, vol. 13, pp. 4766-4775, 2014.

We characterized single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) molecular markers from 20 genotypes of Anthurium andraeanum Lind., including 3 from commercial varieties and 17 from 2 communities in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Twenty-four SPAR, consisting of 7 random amplified polymorphic DNA and 17 inter-simple sequence repeat markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of 20 Anthurium accessions. The set of SPAR markers generated 288 bands and showed an average polymorphism percentage of 93.39%, ranging from 71.43 to 100%.

Development of a cassava core collection based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers

E. J. Oliveira, Ferreira, C. F., Santos, V. S., and Oliveira, G. A. F., “Development of a cassava core collection based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers”, vol. 13, pp. 6472-6485, 2014.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used in the largest cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm collection from Brazil to develop core collections based on the maximization strategy. Subsets with 61, 64, 84, 128, 256, and 384 cassava accessions were selected and named PoHEU, MST64, PoRAN, MST128, MST256, and MST384, respectively. All the 798 alleles identified by 402 SNP markers in the entire collection were captured in all core collections.

Adaptability and stability analysis of the juice yield of yellow passion fruit varieties

E. J. Oliveira, Freitas, J. P. X., and Jesus, O. N., “Adaptability and stability analysis of the juice yield of yellow passion fruit varieties”, vol. 13, pp. 6512-6527, 2014.

This study analyzed the genotype x environment interaction (GE) for the juice productivity (JuProd) of 12 yellow passion fruit varieties (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg.) using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and auxiliary parameters. The experiments were conducted in eight environments of Bahia State, Brazil, using a randomized block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed significant effects (P ≤ 0.01) for environments, genotypes, and GE interaction.

Diallel analysis of corn for special use as corn grits: determining the main genetic effects for corn gritting ability

T. V. Conrado, Scapim, C. A., Bignotto, L. S., Pinto, R. J. B., Freitas, I. L. J., Amaral, Jr., A. T., and Pinheiro, A. C., “Diallel analysis of corn for special use as corn grits: determining the main genetic effects for corn gritting ability”, vol. 13, pp. 6548-6556, 2014.

Corn grits are used for various purposes such as flakes, snacks, livestock feed, hominy, extruded products, beer, etc. The grit size proportion varies according to the hybrid, and thus, once the use of the grits is linked to the particle size, determining the genetic effects is essential to develop hybrids for any specific use. For this purpose a complete diallel series of crosses, involving eight parents, was performed near Maringá, PR, Brazil.

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