Cancer

DNMT3A -448A>G polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis

C. H. Liu, Tao, T., Jiang, L., Xu, B., Zhang, L., Lu, K., Zhang, X. W., Chen, S. Q., Liu, D. C., and Chen, M., “DNMT3A -448A>G polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis”, vol. 14, pp. 3640-3649, 2015.

Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide that involves complex processes and factors. For instance, methylation is important in tumorigenesis. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is the main de novo methyltransferase implicated in this process. In DNMT3A, the -448A>G polymorphism is associated with cancer; however, the results of various studies have been conflicting. To clarify the role of DNMT3A polymorphisms in cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of 2014 cases and 3089 control subjects.

Deciphering the spectrum of somatic mutations in the entire mitochondrial DNA genome

X. Z. Chen, Fang, Y., Shi, Y. H., Cui, J. H., Li, L. Y., Xu, Y. C., and Ling, B., “Deciphering the spectrum of somatic mutations in the entire mitochondrial DNA genome”, vol. 14, pp. 4331-4337, 2015.

The mitochondrion is a crucial intracellular organelle responsible for regulating cellular energy metabolism, producing free radicals, initiating and executing the apoptotic pathways. Previous studies have shown that somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA are associated with various tumors, which may be involved during carcinogenesis and tumor progression. To examine the mutation pattern in cancer, 625 reported somatic mutations in the mitochondrial DNA genome were analyzed.

Novel bioinformatic identification of differentially expressed tissue-specific and cancer-related proteins from the Human Protein Atlas for biomarker discovery

X. - X. Liu and Liu, F. - J., “Novel bioinformatic identification of differentially expressed tissue-specific and cancer-related proteins from the Human Protein Atlas for biomarker discovery”, vol. 14, pp. 4557-4565, 2015.

Identification of cancer-associated and tissue-specific proteins is important for research on carcinogenesis mechanisms and biomarker discovery. Here we performed a new strategy to identify candidate cancer proteins by mining immunohistochemistry protein profiles. Proteins with quantitative values from 14 normal tissues and their corresponding cancer tissues were compared and analyzed using bioinformatics.

Clinical significance of SHMT1 rs1979277 polymorphism in Asian solid tumors: evidence from a meta-analysis

T. T. Zhao, Shen, L. L., Zhang, X. L., Gu, D. Y., Zhang, Q., Huo, X. Y., Tang, C. J., and Chen, J. F., “Clinical significance of SHMT1 rs1979277 polymorphism in Asian solid tumors: evidence from a meta-analysis”, vol. 14, pp. 5602-5614, 2015.

Published data regarding the association between the cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1) C1420T (Leu474Phe) polymorphism and solid tumor risk have shown inconclusive results. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, we performed a meta-analysis of 23 published studies that included 14,409 cancer cases and 16,996 controls. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible studies of the SHMT1 rs1979277 polymorphism and solid tumor risk.

-174G/C polymorphism in the interleukin-6 promoter is differently associated with prostate cancer incidence depending on race

S. Mandal, Abebe, F., and Chaudhary, J., “-174G/C polymorphism in the interleukin-6 promoter is differently associated with prostate cancer incidence depending on race”, vol. 13, pp. 139-151, 2014.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is involved in prostate cancer progression, including androgen independence. Serum IL-6 levels also correlate with prostate tumor burden, prostate-specific antigen levels and metastasis. Since circulating cytokine levels vary considerably inter-individually, such variation could be linked to genetic factors, including genetic polymorphism. The -174G>C/rs1800795 polymorphism in the IL-6 promoter is functionally relevant in terms of transcriptional regulation and disease association.

Association among XRCC1, XRCC3, and BLHX gene polymorphisms and chromosome instability in lymphocytes from patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer

M. S. Monteiro, Boas, D. B. Vilas, Gigliotti, C. B., and Salvadori, D. M. F., “Association among XRCC1, XRCC3, and BLHX gene polymorphisms and chromosome instability in lymphocytes from patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer”, vol. 13, pp. 636-648, 2014.

Endometriosis is a complex disease that has both benign and malignant characteristics. It affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age. Studies have demonstrated the existence of common genetic changes in endometriosis and ovarian cancer, suggesting a possible association between these 2 diseases. However, the mechanisms that lead to the development of cancer from endometriosis remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated 3 groups of women: 72 patients with endometriosis, 70 with ovarian cancer, and 70 healthy individuals (controls).

In vitro cytotoxicity screening of wild plant extracts from Saudi Arabia on human breast adenocarcinoma cells

M. A. Ali, M. Farah, A., Al-Hemaid, F. M., and Abou-Tarboush, F. M., “In vitro cytotoxicity screening of wild plant extracts from Saudi Arabia on human breast adenocarcinoma cells”, vol. 13, pp. 3981-3990, 2014.

This study investigated the in vitro anticancer activities of a total of 14 wild angiosperms collected in Saudi Arabia. The cytotoxic activity of each extract was assessed against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines by using the MTT assay. Among the plants screened, the potential cytotoxic activity exhibited by the extract of Lavandula dentata (Lamiaceae) was identified, and we analyzed its anticancer potential by testing antiproliferative and apoptotic activity. Our results clearly show that ethanolic extract of L.

DNA sequence variants in the carbonyl reductase 1 (cbr1) gene in seven breeds of Canis lupus familiaris

Q. Cheng, Sanborn, C., Ferguson, D., and Blanco, J. G., “DNA sequence variants in the carbonyl reductase 1 (cbr1) gene in seven breeds of Canis lupus familiaris”, vol. 11. pp. 1109-1116, 2012.

The anticancer anthracyclines doxorubicin and daunorubicin are used to treat a variety of cancers in dogs. The therapeutic utility of anthracyclines is limited by cardiotoxicity in some cases. Synthesis of anthracycline alcohol metabolites by carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is crucial for the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity. We hypothesize that genetic polymorphisms in canine cbr1 contribute to the variable pharmacodynamics of anthracyclines in dogs. DNA sequence variants in canine cbr1 were investigated in DNA samples from dogs of seven breeds.

Lack of association of CYP1A1-MspI SNP and GSTM1 null genotypes with cancer in a Brazilian family with unusually high cancer incidence

L. N. Moraes, Borges, M. F., Sousa, P. A. C., Venere, P. C., and Souza, I. L., “Lack of association of CYP1A1-MspI SNP and GSTM1 null genotypes with cancer in a Brazilian family with unusually high cancer incidence”, vol. 11, pp. 1610-1617, 2012.

Research has shown that genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes, such as CYP1A1 and GSTM1, are related to a greater or lesser susceptibility to various cancers. We made an analysis of CYP1A1m1 SNP and GSTM1 null genotypes in a family group (71 members) related by consanguinity who had an unusually high incidence of cancer and a high frequency of smokers. There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies in this family when compared to data for Brazilian populations.

Role of CASP-10 gene polymorphisms in cancer susceptibility: a HuGE review and meta-analysis

S. Yan, Li, Y. Z., Zhu, J. W., Liu, C. L., Wang, P., and Liu, Y. L., “Role of CASP-10 gene polymorphisms in cancer susceptibility: a HuGE review and meta-analysis”, vol. 11, pp. 3998-4007, 2012.

We investigated a possible association between CASP-10 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cancer through a meta-analysis. Eight studies with a total of 29,936 cancer cases and 34,041 healthy controls were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the rs13006529*T carrier was significantly associated with increased cancer risk (OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.01-1.36, P = 0.03). However, rs3900115 and rs13010627 showed no association with cancer susceptibility (all P > 0.05).

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