Gene expression

Expression patterns of the STAG gene in intact and regenerating planarians (Dugesia japonica)

Z. Q. Yuan, Zhao, B. S., and Zhang, J. Y., “Expression patterns of the STAG gene in intact and regenerating planarians (Dugesia japonica)”, vol. 10, pp. 410-418, 2011.

We examined the spatial and temporal expression of the planarian Dugesia japonica STAG-related gene (DjStag), in both intact and regenerating planarians, by whole-mount in situ hybridization and relative quantitative real-time PCR. The first localized transcripts of DjStag were detected in the blastemas three days after amputation, in all regenerates including those from head, tail and trunk pieces. The maximum level of expression of DjStag transcripts occurred at five days after cutting. After regeneration for seven days, DjStag was weakly expressed.

Detection of differentially expressed genes in the longissimus dorsi of Northeastern Indigenous and Large White pigs

Y. Gao, Zhang, Y. H., Jiang, H., Xiao, S. Q., Wang, S., Ma, Q., Sun, G. J., Li, F. J., Deng, Q., Dai, L. S., Zhao, Z. H., Cui, X. S., Zhang, S. M., Liu, D. F., and Zhang, J. B., “Detection of differentially expressed genes in the longissimus dorsi of Northeastern Indigenous and Large White pigs”, vol. 10, pp. 779-791, 2011.

Recent attention in pig breeding programs has focused on the improvement of pork quality in response to increasing consumer demands. Compared to the fatty-type Northeastern Indigenous (Chinese) breed of pigs, the lean-type Large White has lower intramuscular fat and inferior eating quality from the perspective of the Chinese consumer. In order to investigate the molecular basis of differences in pork quality in Chinese indigenous and Western breeds, longissimus dorsi samples were collected from three adult Northeastern Indigenous and three adult Large White pigs.

Isolation and partial characterization of a root-specific promoter for stacking multiple traits into cassava (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ)

M. A. Gbadegesin and Beeching, J. R., “Isolation and partial characterization of a root-specific promoter for stacking multiple traits into cassava (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ)”, vol. 10, pp. 1032-1041, 2011.

Cassava can be cultivated on impoverished soils with minimum inputs, and its storage roots are a staple food for millions in Africa. However, these roots are low in bioavailable nutrients and in protein content, contain cyanogenic glycosides, and suffer from a very short post-harvest shelf-life, and the plant is susceptible to viral and bacterial diseases prevalent in Africa. The demand for improvement of cassava with respect to these traits comes from both farmers and national agricultural institutions.

Gene expression analysis of demineralized bone matrix-induced osteogenesis in human periosteal cells using cDNA array technology

S. Honsawek, Bumrungpanichthaworn, P., Thitiset, T., and Wolfinbarger, Jr., L., “Gene expression analysis of demineralized bone matrix-induced osteogenesis in human periosteal cells using cDNA array technology”, vol. 10, pp. 2093-2103, 2011.

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been widely investigated as a biomaterial to promote new bone formation and is utilized clinically for bone repair and regeneration. We investigated gene expression patterns of osteogenic differentiation in human periosteal (HPO) cells cultured with demineralized bone matrix, using cDNA array technology. Osteogenic differentiation of HPO cells was determined using alkaline phosphatase assay.

Identification and expression analysis of the Broad-Complex core protein isoform 6 (BR-C Z6) gene in the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Penaeidae: Decapoda)

A. Buaklin, Klinbunga, S., and Mensveta, P., “Identification and expression analysis of the Broad-Complex core protein isoform 6 (BR-C Z6) gene in the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Penaeidae: Decapoda)”, vol. 10, pp. 2290-2306, 2011.

Broad-Complex (BR-C) is an early ecdysone-responsive gene encoding a family of zinc-finger transcription factors that function during metamorphosis in insects. We identified two full-length cDNAs of BR-C Z6 in the giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). They were 2422 and 2060 bp in length, containing open reading frames of 1440 and 1443 bp, corresponding to polypeptides of 479 and 480 amino acids, respectively. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that PmBR-C Z6 was abundantly expressed in hemocytes and ovaries in juveniles.

Chemical synthesis and improved expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor cDNA

S. Alrokayan, “Chemical synthesis and improved expression of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor cDNA”, vol. 10, pp. 2671-2678, 2011.

Recently, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been recognized as a useful molecule for the treatment of a wide range of complex ailments, such as cancer, AIDS, H1N1 influenza, cardiac and neurological diseases. The vast therapeutic potential of G-CSF has induced scientists to develop biotechnological approaches for the synthesis of this pharmacologically active agent. We used a synthetic G-CSF cDNA molecule to produce the target protein by a simple cloning protocol.

Aluminum triggers broad changes in microRNA expression in rice roots

J. C. Lima, Arenhart, R. A., Margis-Pinheiro, M., and Margis, R., “Aluminum triggers broad changes in microRNA expression in rice roots”, vol. 10, pp. 2817-2832, 2011.

MicroRNAs are small 21-nucleotide RNA molecules with regulatory roles in development and in response to stress. Expression of some plant miRNAs has been specifically associated with responses to abiotic stresses caused by cold, light, iron, and copper ions. In acid soils, aluminum solubility increases, thereby causing severe damage to plants. Although physiological aspects of aluminum toxicity in plants have been well characterized, the molecular mediators are not fully elucidated. There have been no reports about miRNA responses to aluminum stress.

Establishing references for gene expression analyses by RT-qPCR in Theobroma cacao tissues

T. T. Pinheiro, Litholdo, Jr., C. G., Sereno, M. L., Leal, Jr., G. A., Albuquerque, P. S. B., and Figueira, A., “Establishing references for gene expression analyses by RT-qPCR in Theobroma cacao tissues”, vol. 10, pp. 3291-3305, 2011.

Lack of continuous progress in Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) breeding, especially associated with seed quality traits, requires more efficient selection methods based on genomic information. Reverse transcript quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has become the method of choice for gene expression analysis, but relative expression analysis requires various reference genes, which must be stable across various biological conditions. We sought suitable reference genes for various tissues of cacao, especially developing seeds.

A novel DDX5 gene in the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is highly expressed during ontogenesis and spermatogenesis

D. - A. Fang, Wang, Q., Wang, J., He, L., Liu, L. - H., and Wang, Y., “A novel DDX5 gene in the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is highly expressed during ontogenesis and spermatogenesis”, vol. 10, pp. 3963-3975, 2011.

The freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, originally from Australia, is an invasive species that is also widely used in aquaculture. DEAD-box helicase family genes are found throughout evolution and encode RNA-binding proteins. The human DDX5 (p68) is important for normal cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. We identified a C. quadricarinatus homolog of DDX5 (Cq-DDX5); the temporal expression of Cq-DDX5 mRNA transcripts was measured during early ontogenesis, during spermatogenesis, during testes development, and during the annual cycle.

Molecular, anatomical and physiological properties of a genetically modified soybean line transformed with rd29A:AtDREB1A for the improvement of drought tolerance

A. M. Polizel, Medri, M. E., Nakashima, K., Yamanaka, N., Farias, J. R. B., de Oliveira, M. C. N., Marin, S. R. R., Abdelnoor, R. V., Marcelino-Guimarães, F. C., Fuganti, R., Rodrigues, F. A., Stolf-Moreira, R., Beneventi, M. A., Rolla, A. A. P., Neumaier, N., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., Carvalho, J. F. C., and Nepomuceno, A. L., “Molecular, anatomical and physiological properties of a genetically modified soybean line transformed with rd29A:AtDREB1A for the improvement of drought tolerance”, vol. 10, pp. 3641-3656, 2011.

We evaluated the molecular, anatomical and physiological properties of a soybean line transformed to improve drought tolerance with an rd29A:AtDREB1A construct. This construct expressed dehydration- responsive element binding protein DREB1A from the stress-inducible rd29A promoter. The greenhouse growth test included four randomized blocks of soybean plants, with each treatment performed in triplicate.

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