Genetic divergence

Comparison of methods for estimates of molecular genetic diversity in genus Croton: influence of coefficients, clustering strategies and data projection

M. M. Scaldaferri, Freitas, J. S., Vieira, J. G. P., Gonçalves, Z. S., Souza, A. M., and Cerqueira-Silva, C. B. M., “Comparison of methods for estimates of molecular genetic diversity in genus Croton: influence of coefficients, clustering strategies and data projection”, vol. 13. pp. 5566-5573, 2014.

We investigated 10 similarity (and disimilarity) coefficients in a set of 40 wild genotypes of Croton linearifolius subjected to analyses using hierarchical grouping methods, grouping methods by optimization and data projection in two-dimensional space. Genotypes were characterized by analyzing DNA polymorphism with the use of 15 ISSR and 12 RAPD markers. The distance measurements were compared by the Spearman correlation test, projection in two-dimensional space and grouping efficiency evaluation.

Phenotyping of Passiflora edulis, P. setacea, and their hybrids by a multivariate approach

E. A. Santos, Viana, A. P., Freitas, J. C. O., Souza, M. M., Paiva, C. L., Rodrigues, D. L., and Tavares, R. F., “Phenotyping of Passiflora edulis, P. setacea, and their hybrids by a multivariate approach”, vol. 13, pp. 9828-9845, 2014.

Morphological characterization is the most accessible and used method to quantify the genetic diversity of the available germplasm. The multivariate statistical method is highly important for this purpose. This study aimed to characterize parents and hybrids of Passiflora according to morphoagronomic descriptors and estimate the genetic divergence between them based on the joint analysis of qualitative and quantitative variables using the Ward-modified location model (MLM) procedure. One hundred and thirty-eight individuals were assessed (10 P. edulis, 10 P.

Genetic divergence among sweet corn lines estimated by microsatellite markers

A. D. Lopes, Scapim, C. A., Mangolin, C. A., and Machado, M. F. P. S., “Genetic divergence among sweet corn lines estimated by microsatellite markers”, vol. 13, pp. 10415-10426, 2014.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of 15 sugary-1 sweet corn lines by microsatellite markers. One hundred pairs of simple sequence repeat primers that were mapped for field corn were tested. Of these primers, 15% were polymorphic, and all were selected for the evaluation. These primers identified a total of 39 alleles among the 15 loci that were evaluated.

Comparison of efficiency of distance measurement methodologies in mango (Mangifera indica) progenies based on physicochemical descriptors

E. O. S. Alves, Cerqueira-Silva, C. B. M., Souza, A. M., Santos, C. A. F., Neto, F. P. Lima, and Corrêa, R. X., “Comparison of efficiency of distance measurement methodologies in mango (Mangifera indica) progenies based on physicochemical descriptors”, vol. 11. pp. 591-596, 2012.

We investigated seven distance measures in a set of observations of physicochemical variables of mango (Mangifera indica) submitted to multivariate analyses (distance, projection and grouping). To estimate the distance measurements, five mango progeny (total of 25 genotypes) were analyzed, using six fruit physicochemical descriptors (fruit weight, equatorial diameter, longitudinal diameter, total soluble solids in °Brix, total titratable acidity, and pH).

Assessing genetic divergence in interspecific hybrids of Aechmea gomosepala and A. recurvata var. recurvata using inflorescence characteristics and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

F. Zhang, Ge, Y. Y., Wang, W. Y., Shen, X. L., and Yu, X. Y., “Assessing genetic divergence in interspecific hybrids of Aechmea gomosepala and A. recurvata var. recurvata using inflorescence characteristics and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers”, vol. 11, pp. 4169-4178, 2012.

Conventional hybridization and selection techniques have aided the development of new ornamental crop cultivars. However, little information is available on the genetic divergence of bromeliad hybrids. In the present study, we investigated the genetic variability in interspecific hybrids of Aechmea gomosepala and A. recurvata var. recurvata using inflorescence characteristics and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers.

Genetic divergence among Brazilian garlic cultivars based on morphological characters and AFLP markers

R. G. F. Morales, Resende, J. T. V., Resende, F. V., Delatorre, C. A., Figueiredo, A. S. T., and Da-Silva, P. R., “Genetic divergence among Brazilian garlic cultivars based on morphological characters and AFLP markers”, vol. 12, pp. 270-281, 2013.

Outside its centers of origin, garlic propagates only asexually. Since asexual reproduction leads to the absence of meiotic recombination, the main garlic cultivars available for cultivation have arisen from the accumulation of somatic mutations in early cultivars. Thus, it is common for a single clone to have different names in different regions. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 20 garlic cultivars by using morphological characters and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to identify possible duplicate cultivars.

Genetic diversity of turmeric germplasm (Curcuma longa; Zingiberaceae) identified by microsatellite markers

M. S. Sigrist, Pinheiro, J. B., Filho, J. A. Azevedo, and Zucchi, M. I., “Genetic diversity of turmeric germplasm (Curcuma longa; Zingiberaceae) identified by microsatellite markers”, vol. 10, pp. 419-428, 2011.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a triploid, vegetatively propagated crop introduced early during the colonization of Brazil. Turmeric rhizomes are ground into a powder used as a natural dye in the food industry, although recent research suggests a greater potential for the development of drugs and cosmetics. In Brazil, little is known about the genetic variability available for crop improvement.

Comparative genetic analysis of trichome-less and normal pod genotypes of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae)

S. S. Dhawan, Rai, G. K., Darokar, M. P., Lal, R. K., Misra, H. O., and Khanuja, S. P. S., “Comparative genetic analysis of trichome-less and normal pod genotypes of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae)”, vol. 10, pp. 2049-2056, 2011.

Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) seeds contain the catecholic amino acid L-DoPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), which is a neurotransmitter precursor and used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and mental disorders. The great demand for L-DoPA is largely met by the pharmaceutical industry through extraction of the compound from wild populations of this plant; commercial exploitation of this compound is hampered because of its limited availability. The trichomes present on the pods can cause severe itching, blisters and dermatitis, discouraging cultivation.

Comparison of maize similarity and dissimilarity genetic coefficients based on microsatellite markers

M. Balestre, Von Pinho, R. G., Souza, J. C., and Lima, J. L., “Comparison of maize similarity and dissimilarity genetic coefficients based on microsatellite markers”, vol. 7, pp. 695-705, 2008.

The present study compared different similarity and dissimilarity coefficients and their influence in maize inbred line clustering. Ninety maize S0:1 inbred lines were used and genotyped with 25 microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeat). The simple matching, Rogers and Tanimoto, Russel and Rao, Hamann, Jaccard, Sorensen-Dice, Ochiai, and Roger’s modified distance coefficients were compared by consensus index, projection efficiency in a two-dimensional space and by Spearman’s correlation.

Genetic diversity studies of Brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic-clover production

G. S. C. Buso, Paiva, M. R., Torres, A. C., Resende, F. V., Ferreira, M. A., Buso, J. A., and Dusi, A. N., “Genetic diversity studies of Brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic-clover production”, vol. 7, pp. 534-541, 2008.

The garlic cultivars grown in Brazil evolved from somatic mutations and clone selection by breeding programs and by the introduction of germplasm from other countries. Morphological characters have been used to differentiate these cultivars. Two hundred and six random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were utilized for a diversity analysis of the 17 most planted garlic cultivars in Brazil. Bootstrap analysis showed that the number of markers was efficient and sufficient to obtain a coefficient of variation of 10%.

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