Genetic diversity

Analysis of the genetic diversity of Chinese native Cannabis sativa cultivars by using ISSR and chromosome markers

L. G. Zhang, Chang, Y., Zhang, X. F., Guan, F. Z., Yuan, H. M., Yu, Y., and Zhao, L. J., Analysis of the genetic diversity of Chinese native Cannabis sativa cultivars by using ISSR and chromosome markers, vol. 13, pp. 10490-10500, 2014.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is an important fiber crop, and native cultivars exist widely throughout China. In the present study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of 27 important Chinese native hemp cultivars, by using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and chromosome markers. We determined the following chromosome formulas: 2n = 20 = 14m + 6sm; 2n = 20 = 20m; 2n = 20 = 18m + 2sm; 2n = 20 = 16m + 4sm; and 2n = 20 = 12m + 8sm.

Use of differential levels of mean observed heterozygosity in microsatellite loci of commercial varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum spp)

R. C. Maranho, Augusto, R., Mangolin, C. A., and Machado, M. F. P. S., Use of differential levels of mean observed heterozygosity in microsatellite loci of commercial varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum spp), vol. 13, pp. 10130-10141, 2014.

In this study, we measured the genetic diversity within and among a set of 9 commercial sugarcane varieties used for alcohol and sugar production using 17 microsatellite DNA markers. The UGSM148 and UGSM59 primers were monomorphic for all 74 sugarcane samples. The estimated proportion of simple sequence repeated (SSR) polymorphic loci was 88.23%; 17 alleles were detected. The mean gene diversity of all SSR loci was 0.7279.

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.

H. L. Liu, Zhang, R. Q., Geng, M. L., Zhu, J. Y., and Ma, J. L., Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz., vol. 13, pp. 10062-10066, 2014.

Zelkova schneideriana is a highly valued hardwood species. An improved technique for isolating codominant compound microsatellite markers was used to develop simple sequence repeat markers for Z. schneideriana. A total of 12 microsatellite loci were identified. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 8-19, with an average of 11.75. Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.109-0.709 and 0.832-0.929, respectively. Polymorphic information content is from 0.803-0.915, with an average of 0.854.

Genetic-molecular characterization of backcross generations for sexual conversion in papaya (Carica papaya L.)

H. C. C. Ramos, Pereira, M. G., Pereira, T. N. S., Barros, G. B. A., and Ferreguetti, G. A., Genetic-molecular characterization of backcross generations for sexual conversion in papaya (Carica papaya L.), vol. 13, pp. 10367-10381, 2014.

The low number of improved cultivars limits the expansion of the papaya crop, particularly because of the time required for the development of new varieties using classical procedures. Molecular techniques associated with conventional procedures accelerate this process and allow targeted improvements. Thus, we used microsatellite markers to perform genetic-molecular characterization of papaya genotypes obtained from 3 backcross generations to monitor the inbreeding level and parental genome proportion in the evaluated genotypes.

Development and characterization of novel microsatellite markers in Hyptis pectinata (Lamiaceae)

A. F. Blank, Jesus, A. S., Santos, C. P., Grando, C., Pinheiro, J. B., Zucchi, M. I., and Arrigoni-Blank, M. F., Development and characterization of novel microsatellite markers in Hyptis pectinata (Lamiaceae), vol. 13, pp. 10173-10176, 2014.

A microsatellite-enriched library was constructed and a set of 19 SSR markers were developed to characterize a germplasm collection of Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit., maintained at the Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Fifteen markers of 19 ranged from moderately to highly polymorphic. A total of 113 alleles were identified, with a mean of 7.52 alleles per locus. The mean HO and HE were 0.582 and 0.657, respectively.

Genetic identification of Theobroma cacao L. trees with high Criollo ancestry in Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico

J. A. Vázquez-Ovando, Molina-Freaner, F., Nuñez-Farfán, J., Ovando-Medina, I., and Salvador-Figueroa, M., Genetic identification of Theobroma cacao L. trees with high Criollo ancestry in Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico, vol. 13, pp. 10404-10414, 2014.

Criollo-type cacao trees are an important pool of genes with potential to be used in cacao breeding and selection programs. For that reason, we assessed the diversity and population structure of Criollo-type trees (108 cultivars with Criollo phenotypic characteristics and 10 Criollo references) using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Cultivars were selected from 7 demes in the Soconusco region of southern Mexico. SSRs amplified 74 alleles with an average of 3.6 alleles per population.

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy, in the East China Sea by microsatellite markers

Y. Qin, Sun, D. Q., Xu, T. J., Liu, X. Z., and Sun, Y. N., Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy, in the East China Sea by microsatellite markers, vol. 13, pp. 10600-10606, 2014.

Genetic diversity and patterns of population structure of the miiuy croaker were investigated using SSR markers. A set of 10 microsatellite loci revealed 40 alleles; the number of alleles varied from 2 to 10 for each marker. A relatively high level of genetic variability was observed between miiuy croaker individuals. Genetic diversity was relatively high within populations with corresponding high average gene flow. There were genealogical branches or clusters corresponding to sampling localities according to the UPGMA tree and principal component analysis.

Genetic diversity and pathogenicity differentiation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Anhui Province, China

D. F. Xu, Li, X. L., Pan, Y. M., Dai, Y. L., Li, P., Chen, F. X., Zhang, H. J., Guo, M., and Gao, Z. M., Genetic diversity and pathogenicity differentiation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Anhui Province, China, vol. 13, pp. 10704-10713, 2014.

The pathogenicity of 47 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Anhui, China, was tested by detached leaf inoculation using the susceptible rape cultivar Wanyou-14. All isolates were pathogenic to the cultivar and could be grouped into 3 categories based on the lesion length on the leaves tested: weak pathogenicity type, intermediate pathogenicity type, and strong pathogenicity type. This suggested that there was differentiation in the pathogenicity among the strains tested of S. sclerotiorum.

Genetic diversity in populations of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil

D. A. Oliveira, Júnior, A. F. Melo, Brandão, M. M., Rodrigues, L. A., Menezes, E. V., and Ferreira, P. R. B., Genetic diversity in populations of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) in the northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil, vol. 11, pp. 531-538, 2012.

Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm of economic importance, widely distributed in natural forests from Mexico to Uruguay. We analyzed the genetic diversity of populations of macaúba (A. aculeata) in the northern region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Young leaves from 10 macaúba individuals encompassing 49 genotypes of macaúba were collected from Montes Claros, Itacambira, Brasília de Minas, Mirabela, and Grão Mogol. After extraction and amplification of samples, the amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in Camellia reticulata (Theaceae) polyploid complex revealed by ISSR and ploidy

B. - Y. Wang and Ruan, Z. - Y., Genetic diversity and differentiation in Camellia reticulata (Theaceae) polyploid complex revealed by ISSR and ploidy, vol. 11, pp. 503-511, 2012.

Camellia reticulata is a well-known ornamental and oil plant that is endemic to southwest China. This species shows three cell ploidies, i.e., diploidy, tetraploidy and hexaploidy. We made the first investigation of genetic diversity and differentiation of natural populations of C. reticulata, and 114 individuals from 6 populations were sampled. Cytogeography results showed that ploidy is invariable within populations and evenly distributed. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was found in C.

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