Hybridization

Natural hybridization between Gossypium mustelinum and exotic allotetraploid cotton species

I. P. P. de Menezes, da Silva, J. O., Malafaia, G., Silveira, R. D. D., and Barroso, P. A. V., Natural hybridization between Gossypium mustelinum and exotic allotetraploid cotton species, vol. 14. pp. 14177-14180, 2015.

Cotton has been collected in Brazil for decades for its conservation, evaluation, and the use of its genetic resources. Gossypium mustelinum is an allotetraploid cotton species that only occurs in Brazil, and little is known about its genetic potential for improvement. However, the species is threatened by habitat fragmentation and interspecific hybridization with exotic species of cotton. In this study, we investigated the rate of natural hybridization in two populations of G. mustelinum in Bahia, Brazil, with G. hirsutum and G.

Selfing confirmation in sugarcane by using simple sequence repeat markers: an individual reciprocal recurrent selection scheme

P. M. A. Costa, Almeida, C. F., Silveira, G., Soares, B., Baffa, D. C. F., Peternelli, L. A., Bhering, L. L., and Barbosa, M. H. P., Selfing confirmation in sugarcane by using simple sequence repeat markers: an individual reciprocal recurrent selection scheme, vol. 13, pp. 8962-8970, 2014.

Superior inbred clones selected in S1 families can integrate an individual reciprocal recurrent selection program in sugarcane by eliminating the genetic load of the population and exploring superior hybrid combinations. Molecular markers can be used for reliable identification of the true selfing-derived clones in these S1 populations.

A rapid method to increase the number of F1 plants in pea (Pisum sativum) breeding programs

M. A. Espósito, Almirón, P., Gatti, I., Cravero, V. P., Anido, F. S. L., and Cointry, E. L., A rapid method to increase the number of F1 plants in pea (Pisum sativum) breeding programs, vol. 11. pp. 2729-2732, 2012.

In breeding programs, a large number of F2 individuals are required to perform the selection process properly, but often few such plants are available. In order to obtain more F2 seeds, it is necessary to multiply the F1 plants. We developed a rapid, efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro shoot regeneration and rooting of seeds using 6-benzylaminopurine.

Breeding new seedless grape by means of in vitro embryo rescue

W. Ji, Li, Z. - Q., Zhou, Q., Yao, W. - K., and Wang, Y. - J., Breeding new seedless grape by means of in vitro embryo rescue, vol. 12, pp. 859-869, 2013.

This project aimed at breeding new seedless grape cultivars by embryo rescue through three hybridization methods: 1) using cross-breeding between seedless Vitis vinifera cultivars and wild Chinese Vitis spp; 2) crossing with two seedless cultivars, and 3) hybridization between grapes of different ploidy. Genotype, sampling times, and media were confirmed to play important roles in this system.

Apomixis in cassava: advances and challenges

D. Y. H. Freitas and Nassar, N. M. A., Apomixis in cassava: advances and challenges, vol. 12. pp. 988-994, 2013.

Cassava is the most important staple crop in the Tropics and Subtropics. Apomixis may revolutionize its production due to various attributes. These potential advantages include production by true seed, maintaining cultivar superiority over generations without segregation, and avoiding contamination by bacteria and viruses. Historically, apomixis was initially observed by International Institute of Tropical Agriculture researchers, in the 1980s, in homogenous progeny of hybrid crosses.

DNA elimination in embryogenic development of Pennisetum glaucum x Pennisetum purpureum (Poaceae) hybrids

J. D. Nunes, Azevedo, A. L. S., Pereira, A. V., Paula, C. M. P., Campos, J. M. S., Lédo, F. J. S., and Santos, V. B., DNA elimination in embryogenic development of Pennisetum glaucum x Pennisetum purpureum (Poaceae) hybrids, vol. 12, pp. 4817-4826, 2013.

Interspecific hybridization between Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), which is widely grown in Brazil for cattle forage, and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) has been used as a breeding strategy for the development of improved cultivars. However, the hybrid between these two species is sterile due to its triploid condition (2n = 3x = 21 chromosomes), which hinders its use in crop breeding programs. It is known that genomic alterations result from the hybridization process.

Meiotic behavior in nonaploid accessions of Brachiaria humidicola (Poaceae) and implications for breeding

K. R. Boldrini, Adamowski, E. V., Silva, N., Pagliarini, M. S., and Valle, C. B., Meiotic behavior in nonaploid accessions of Brachiaria humidicola (Poaceae) and implications for breeding, vol. 10, pp. 169-176, 2011.

Brachiaria humidicola is a grass adapted to seasonally swampy grasslands in Africa; two cultivars, ‘common’ and Llanero, are widely used in Brazilian pastures. New cultivars are in great demand in order to diversify current production systems to achieve improved quality and yield. Cytological analyses of 55 accessions of this species available from the Embrapa Beef Cattle germplasm collection revealed that 27 are apomictic and have 2n = 54 chromosomes.

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