ISSR

Genetic diversity and population structure of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, an endangered medicinal plant in China

J. Yu, Wang, Y., Peng, L., Ru, M., and Liang, Z. S., “Genetic diversity and population structure of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, an endangered medicinal plant in China”, vol. 14, pp. 2471-2483, 2015.

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, one of the tertiary relict species found only in China, is the only extant species of Eucommiaceae. Using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, we studied the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of 187 accessions from 17 E. ulmoides populations throughout its main distribution in China. A total of 65 bands were amplified using eight ISSR primers, of which 50 bands (76.9%) were polymorphic.

Genetic relationships analysis of olive cultivars grown in China

M. M. Zhan, Cheng, Z. Z., Su, G. C., Wang, A. Y., Chen, H. P., Yang, Z. S., Shan, Z., and Huang, Q. M., “Genetic relationships analysis of olive cultivars grown in China”, vol. 14, pp. 5958-5969, 2015.

The olive tree is an iconic tree of the Mediterranean, and is used extensively to produce high-quality olive oil. Although the China olive industry has just begun to be valued, there were also existed mislabeling and synonyms in introduced cultivars. The aim of this study was to analyze genetic similarities among olive cultivars in China using SSR and ISSR techniques. Thirty-two samples were collected from Xichang. Five of these cultivars were issued from a Chinese breeding program.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Stipa bungeana, an endemic species in Loess Plateau of China, revealed using combined ISSR and SRAP markers

J. Yu, Jing, Z. B., and Cheng, J. M., “Genetic diversity and population structure of Stipa bungeana, an endemic species in Loess Plateau of China, revealed using combined ISSR and SRAP markers”, vol. 13, pp. 1097-1108, 2014.

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity within and among 15 natural populations of Stipa bungeana from the Loess Plateau of China. Using 15 SRAP primers, 504 (99.80%) polymorphic loci were detected, and 372 polymorphic loci (96.12%) were identified using 15 ISSR primers. At the species level, the S. bungeana populations showed relatively low levels of genetic diversity (H_E = 0.2017 for SRAP; H_E = 0.2066 for ISSR).

Population structure and genetic diversity in natural populations of Theobroma speciosum Willd. Ex Spreng (Malvaceae)

L. D. Giustina, Luz, L. N., Vieira, F. S., Rossi, F. S., Soares-Lopes, C. R. A., Pereira, T. N. S., and Rossi, A. A. B., “Population structure and genetic diversity in natural populations of Theobroma speciosum Willd. Ex Spreng (Malvaceae)”, vol. 13, pp. 3510-3519, 2014.

The genus Theobroma found in the Amazon region is composed of 22 species, including Theobroma speciosum, better known as cacauí. These species are constantly threatened by forest fragmentation caused by human activities and require conservation strategies and management aimed at preserving them in their natural environments. The main objective of this study was to analyze the population structure and genetic diversity within and between natural populations of T.

Morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (Capsicum frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacquin)

S. I. C. Carvalho, Ragassi, C. F., Bianchetti, L. B., Reifschneider, F. J. B., Buso, G. S. C., and Faleiro, F. G., “Morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (Capsicum frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacquin)”, vol. 13, pp. 7447-7464, 2014.

Capsicum chinense and C. frutescens peppers are part of the Brazilian biodiversity, and the Amazon basin is the area of greatest diversity for them, especially for that former species. Nevertheless, little is known about their evolutionary history. Aiming to identify genotypes with wild and domesticated characteristics, 30 accessions of the germplasm bank of Embrapa were characterized using morphological descriptors and ISSR molecular markers.

Genetic and morphological diversity of Moenkhausia oligolepis (Characiformes: Characidae) populations in the tributaries of the Araguaia River, Brazil: implications for taxonomy and conservation

T. J. Domingos, Moraes, L. N., Moresco, R. M., Margarido, V. P., and Venere, P. C., “Genetic and morphological diversity of Moenkhausia oligolepis (Characiformes: Characidae) populations in the tributaries of the Araguaia River, Brazil: implications for taxonomy and conservation”, vol. 13, pp. 7979-7991, 2014.

Molecular genetic assessments that consider ecological information, in addition to endogamy levels, genetic diversity, and the genetic differentiation among species and populations, are particularly important for the conservation of biological diversity. Prime candidates for conservation genetic review are those subject to human use, including harvests for the ornamental fish trade. Colorful South American tetra, such as Moenkhausia oligolepis and M. forestii, are good examples of fish species that are widely collected and exported worldwide.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in Camellia reticulata (Theaceae) polyploid complex revealed by ISSR and ploidy

B. - Y. Wang and Ruan, Z. - Y., “Genetic diversity and differentiation in Camellia reticulata (Theaceae) polyploid complex revealed by ISSR and ploidy”, vol. 11, pp. 503-511, 2012.

Camellia reticulata is a well-known ornamental and oil plant that is endemic to southwest China. This species shows three cell ploidies, i.e., diploidy, tetraploidy and hexaploidy. We made the first investigation of genetic diversity and differentiation of natural populations of C. reticulata, and 114 individuals from 6 populations were sampled. Cytogeography results showed that ploidy is invariable within populations and evenly distributed. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was found in C.

RAPD and ISSR-assisted identification and development of three new SCAR markers specific for the Thinopyrum elongatum E (Poaceae) genome

G. H. Xu, Su, W. Y., Shu, Y. J., Cong, W. W., Wu, L., and Guo, C. H., “RAPD and ISSR-assisted identification and development of three new SCAR markers specific for the Thinopyrum elongatum E (Poaceae) genome”, vol. 11, pp. 1741-1751, 2012.

Diploid Thinopyrum elongatum, a wild relative of wheat, contains many agronomically desirable traits and has potential for increasing genetic variability and introducing desirable characters in this crop. Few molecular markers are available for rapid screening of T. elongatum genome segments in the wheat genetic background. We used 36 RAPD primers and 33 ISSR primers to screen for polymorphisms in the common wheat variety Chinese Spring and in T. elongatum.

Identification of hybrids between triticale and Aegilops juvenalis (Thell.) Eig and determination of genetic similarity with ISSRs

A. Gradzielewska, Gruszecka, D., Leśniowska-Nowak, J., and Paczos-Grzęda, E., “Identification of hybrids between triticale and Aegilops juvenalis (Thell.) Eig and determination of genetic similarity with ISSRs”, vol. 11, pp. 2147-2155, 2012.

Wide hybridization expands the gene pool of cultivated species and can produce genotypes with practical value, often resistant to diseases. In plants, ISSRs are often used for hybrid identification as well as for diversity evaluation. We estimated genetic similarity among advanced genetic stocks of triticale hybrids and identified Aegilops juvenalis introgressions into triticale. Fourteen ISSR primers amplified from 12 to 23 DNA fragments. The number of polymorphic products per primer ranged from three to nine, with a mean of 5.1.

Inter- and intra-specific genetic diversity of Iranian yarrow species Achillea santolina and Achillea tenuifolia based on ISSR and RAPD markers

M. Ebrahimi, Farajpour, M., and Rahimmalek, M., “Inter- and intra-specific genetic diversity of Iranian yarrow species Achillea santolina and Achillea tenuifolia based on ISSR and RAPD markers”, vol. 11, pp. 2855-2861, 2012.

Cultivation and preservation of yarrow has recently attracted wide attention due to its beneficial properties; however, genetic variation of Achillea species is still relatively unknown. We used RAPD and ISSR markers to assess genetic diversity in 16 accessions of yarrow belonging to two species native to Iran. Seven ISSR and nine RAPD primers generated 187 amplified fragments, of which 159 were polymorphic. The similarity coefficient among Achillea tenuifolia accessions ranged from 61 to 86%, and from 40 to 84% among A. santolina accessions.