Mastitis

Evaluation of methods of DNA extraction from Staphylococcus aureus in milk for use in real-time PCR

A. G. Dibbern, Botaro, B. G., Viziack, M. P., Silva, L. F. P., and Santos, M. V., Evaluation of methods of DNA extraction from Staphylococcus aureus in milk for use in real-time PCR, vol. 14, pp. 227-233, 2015.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and performance of 4 methods of extracting DNA from Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) and the gene encoding bovine mitochondrial cytochrome B (BMCB) in milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis for use in amplification by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Two milk samples were obtained from cows naturally infected with S. aureus and subjected to the following extraction methods: Qiagen DNA extraction kit; Axyprep DNA extraction kit; in silica column boil and in silica column method.

Comparative proteomic changes of differentially expressed whey proteins in clinical mastitis and healthy yak cows

X. Li, Ding, X. Z., Wan, Y. L., Liu, Y. M., and Du, G. Z., Comparative proteomic changes of differentially expressed whey proteins in clinical mastitis and healthy yak cows, vol. 13, pp. 6593-6601, 2014.

Under the traditional grazing system on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the amount of milk in domesticated yak (Bos grunniens) with clinical mastitis decreases and the milk composition is altered. To understand the mechanisms of mammary gland secreted milk and disease infection, changes in the protein composition of milk during clinical mastitis were investigated using a proteomic approach. Milk whey from yak with clinical mastitis was compared to whey from healthy animals with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using a mass spectrometer.

Polymorphisms of the ATP1A1 gene associated with mastitis in dairy cattle

Y. X. Liu, Xu, C. H., Gao, T. Y., and Sun, Y., Polymorphisms of the ATP1A1 gene associated with mastitis in dairy cattle, vol. 11, pp. 651-660, 2012.

Mastitis affects the concentrations of potassium and sodium in milk. Since sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) is critical for maintaining the homeostasis of these two ions, and is involved in cell apoptosis and pathogenesis, we presumed that polymorphism of the ATP1A1 gene, which encodes the bovine Na+, K+-ATPase α1 subunit could be associated with mastitis.

Increased expression of a novel splice variant of the complement component 4 (C4A) gene in mastitis-infected dairy cattle

Y. Yang, Huang, J. M., Ju, Z. H., Li, Q. L., Zhou, L., Li, R. L., Li, J. B., Shi, F. X., Zhong, J. F., and Wang, C. F., Increased expression of a novel splice variant of the complement component 4 (C4A) gene in mastitis-infected dairy cattle, vol. 11, pp. 2909-2916, 2012.

The complement system helps in the direct lysis of invading pathogens and modulates phagocytic, humoral and cellular immune responses. Complement 4 is a critical component in complement activity and protection against many bacterial pathogens because it is essential to classical and lectin activation pathways. We used reverse transcription and PCR to investigate alternative splicing and expression of the complement component 4 (C4A) gene in Chinese Holstein cattle. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in immunity-related genes and their association with mastitis in Chilean dairy cattle

A. M. Carvajal, Huircan, P., and Lepori, A., Single nucleotide polymorphisms in immunity-related genes and their association with mastitis in Chilean dairy cattle, vol. 12, pp. 2702-2711, 2013.

Mastitis remains a major cattle disease with great global economic implications. Various approaches are currently employed in attempts to improve understanding of mastitis resistance and develop phenotypic markers for use in breeding programs (e.g., somatic cell score), including QTL discovery, wide-genome association studies, and identification of candidate genes related to immune function.

Polymorphism in PGLYRP-2 gene by PCR-RFLP and its association with somatic cell score and percentage of fat in Chinese Holstein

H. L. Wang, Li, Z. X., Chen, L., Yang, J., Wang, L. J., He, H., Niu, F. B., Liu, Y., Guo, J. Z., and Liu, X. L., Polymorphism in PGLYRP-2 gene by PCR-RFLP and its association with somatic cell score and percentage of fat in Chinese Holstein, vol. 12, pp. 6743-6751, 2013.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGLYRP-2), which belongs to the PGRP family, is the only member that has no direct bactericidal activity but has N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase activity. This feature of PGLYRP-2 indicates that it may play an important role in eliminating the pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP), such as peptidoglycan (PGN), which can reduce leukocytes in blood and lower somatic cell count (SCC) in milk.

Two splice variants of the bovine lactoferrin gene identified in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis in dairy cattle

J. M. Huang, Wang, Z. Y., Ju, Z. H., Wang, C. F., Li, Q. L., Sun, T., Hou, Q. L., Hang, S. Q., Hou, M. H., and Zhong, J. F., Two splice variants of the bovine lactoferrin gene identified in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis in dairy cattle, vol. 10, pp. 3199-3203, 2011.

Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) is a member of the transferrin family; it plays an important role in the innate immune response. We identified novel splice variants of the bLF gene in mastitis-infected and healthy cows. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and clone sequencing analysis were used to screen the splice variants of the bLF gene in the mammary gland, spleen and liver tissues. One main transcript corresponding to the bLF reference sequence was found in three tissues in both healthy and mastitis-infected cows.

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