Micronucleus

Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic effects of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi in Allium cepa and Swiss mice: A comparative study

L. E. S. Fedel-Miyasato, Formagio, A. S. N., Auharek, S. A., Kassuya, C. A. L., Navarro, S. D., Cunha-Laura, A. L., Monreal, A. C. D., Vieira, M. C., and Oliveira, R. J., Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic effects of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi in Allium cepa and Swiss mice: A comparative study, vol. 13, pp. 3411-3425, 2014.

It is estimated that 60% of anticancer drugs are derived directly or indirectly from medicinal plants. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) is traditionally used in Brazilian medicine to treat inflammation, ulcers, and tumors. Because of the need to identify new antimutagenic agents and to determine their mechanism of action, this study evaluated the chemopreventive activity of the methanolic extract from leaves of S.

Evaluation of mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunomodulatory effects of Annona nutans hydromethanolic fraction on pregnant mice

C. A. Gonçalves, Silva, N. L., Mauro, M. O., David, N., Cunha-Laura, A. L., Auharek, S. A., Monreal, A. C. D., Vieira, M. C., Silva, D. B., Santos, F. J. L., Siqueira, J. M., and Oliveira, R. J., Evaluation of mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunomodulatory effects of Annona nutans hydromethanolic fraction on pregnant mice, vol. 13, pp. 4392-4405, 2014.

Plants such as Annona nutans used in folk medicine have a large number of biologically active compounds with pharmacological and/or toxic potential. Moreover, pregnant women use these plants indiscriminately, mainly in the form of teas, without being aware of the harm that they could cause to the health of the embryo/fetus. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the potential toxic effects of medicinal plants during gestation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of A.

Mutagenic potential of Cordia ecalyculata alone and in association with Spirulina maxima for their evaluation as candidate anti-obesity drugs

R. P. Araldi, Rechiutti, B. M., Mendes, T. B., Ito, E. T., and Souza, E. B., Mutagenic potential of Cordia ecalyculata alone and in association with Spirulina maxima for their evaluation as candidate anti-obesity drugs, vol. 13, pp. 5207-5220, 2014.

Obesity is one of the most important nutritional disorders, and can be currently considered as an epidemic. Although there are few weight reduction drugs available on the market, some new drug candidates have been proposed, including Cordia ecalyculata, a Brazilian plant with anorectic properties, and Spirulina maxima, a cyanobacterium with antioxidant and anti-genotoxic activity. In this study, we evaluated the mutagenic potential of C. ecalyculata at doses of 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg alone and in association with S.

Evaluation of the antimutagenic activity and mode of action of carrageenan fiber in cultured meristematic cells of Allium cepa

C. I. Nantes, Pesarini, J. R., Mauro, M. O., Monreal, A. C. D., Ramires, A. D., and Oliveira, R. J., Evaluation of the antimutagenic activity and mode of action of carrageenan fiber in cultured meristematic cells of Allium cepa, vol. 13, pp. 9523-9532, 2014.

In this study, we evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide, and described its mode of action by using an Allium cepa assay. The results indicate that carrageenan is not mutagenic, rather it has significant chemopreventive potential that is mediated by both demutagenic and bio-antimutagenic activities. This compound can adsorb agents that are toxic to DNA and inactivate them. Additionally, carrageenan can modulate enzymes of the DNA repair system.

Genotoxicity in oral epithelial cells in children caused by nickel in metal crowns

J. Morán-Martínez, de Luna, K. D. Monreal-, Betancourt-Martínez, N. D., Carranza-Rosales, P., Contreras-Martínez, J. G., López-Meza, M. C., and Rodríguez-Villarreal, O., Genotoxicity in oral epithelial cells in children caused by nickel in metal crowns, vol. 12, pp. 3178-3185, 2013.

The micronucleus (MN) assay evaluates the effects of low doses of genotoxic carcinogens and can detect structural lesions that survive mitotic cycles. The objective of this study was to determine both the genotoxicity of nickel (Ni) in buccal epithelial cells and the urinary excretion of Ni in children with metal crowns. This was a prospective longitudinal study based on 37 patients selected at the Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila.

Genotoxic effects caused by indoor exposure to petroleum derivatives in a fuel quality control laboratory

A. E. O. Araújo, Mezzomo, B. P., Ferrari, I., and Grisolia, C. K., Genotoxic effects caused by indoor exposure to petroleum derivatives in a fuel quality control laboratory, vol. 9. pp. 1069-1073, 2010.

We looked for genotoxic effects in laboratory personnel routinely exposed to petroleum derivate compounds in an indoor environment. The exposed group of 21 workers from the Fuel Quality Control Laboratory of the Brazilian Petroleum Agency was matched with a group of 10 people from the staff of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes, micronuclei in exfoliated cells in the urine and hematological parameters were examined.

Increased micronucleus frequency in exfoliated cells of the buccal mucosa in hairdressers

L. N. Rickes, Alvarengo, M. C., Souza, T. M., Garcias, G. L., and Martino-Roth, M. G., Increased micronucleus frequency in exfoliated cells of the buccal mucosa in hairdressers, vol. 9, pp. 1921-1928, 2010.

Hairdressers are exposed daily to chemical substances, such as dyes, chemical straighteners and curling chemicals, which can be absorbed, inhaled or possibly ingested. We analyzed the frequency of micronuclei (MNC) in exfoliated cells of the buccal mucosa of 50 hairdressers and 50 controls in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. An assessment was carried out on the incidence of MNC, binucleated cells (BNC), broken egg cells (BEC), budding cells (BC), and the sum of anomalies (SA), in 2000 cells per individual. The data were analyzed with SPSS, using the Mann-Whitney U-test, α = 0.05.

Micronuclei as biomarkers for evaluating the risk of malignant transformation in the uterine cervix

G. M. A. Aires, Meireles, J. R. C., Oliveira, P. C., Oliveira, J. L., Araújo, E. L., Pires, B. C., Cruz, E. S. A., Jesus, N. F., Pereira, C. A. B., and Cerqueira, E. M. M., Micronuclei as biomarkers for evaluating the risk of malignant transformation in the uterine cervix, vol. 10, pp. 1558-1564, 2011.

We evaluated micronucleus and apoptosis occurrence among women with normal smears and women with different kinds of cervical abnormalities, i.e., inflammatory processes and low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (N = 12, N = 10 and N = 27, respectively). The sample included 59 women who were seen at a public medical service for cervical cancer prevention in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. The diagnosis was established by means of cytological, colposcopic, and histopathological examination.

Genotoxicity evaluation in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, using the micronucleus test

J. M. Roth, Restani, R. G., Gonçalves, T. T. S., Sphor, S. L. S., Ness, A. B., Martino-Roth, M. G., and Garcias, G. L., Genotoxicity evaluation in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, using the micronucleus test, vol. 7, pp. 433-443, 2008.

Patients with chronic renal disease have an increased incidence of cancer. It is well known that long periods of hemodialysis treatment are linked to DNA damage due to oxidative stress. This genotoxic effect may cause the loss of chromosome fragments, or even entire chromosomes, which form micronuclei after cell division, and can be detected by the micronucleus test. In the present case-control study, we evaluated the genotoxic effect of hemodialysis treatment in 20 patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 20 subjected to peritoneal dialysis, matched for gender and age with 40 controls.

The radiotracer 99mTc-MIBI is not genotoxic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes at diagnostic radioactive dose

S. J. Hosseinimehr, Ahmadi, A., Beiki, D., Mahmoudzadeh, A., Babaei, M., and Habibi, E., The radiotracer 99mTc-MIBI is not genotoxic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes at diagnostic radioactive dose, vol. 8, pp. 923-928, 2009.

The radiotracer technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) has been widely used for myocardial blood flow imaging. We investigated the genotoxicity of 99mTc-MIBI in cultured human lymphocytes at the same concentration used in patients. Radioactivity doses were determined in whole blood at 5 min post-injection of 20 mCi 99mTc-MIBI in patients. Subsequently, whole blood of human volunteers was incubated with 1, 2.3, 4 or 8 μCi 99mTc-MIBI.

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