Mitochondrial DNA

Population genetic structure and historical demography of the ground beetle Chlaenius costiger in the Tsinling-Dabashan Mountains of central China

L. - N. Su, Li, X. - C., Meng, H. - Z., Gao, X. - Y., Yin, H., and Li, K., “Population genetic structure and historical demography of the ground beetle Chlaenius costiger in the Tsinling-Dabashan Mountains of central China”, vol. 14, pp. 3579-3589, 2015.

Population genetic structure and demographic history of the ground beetle Chlaenius costiger (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Tsinling-Dabashan Mountains of central China were estimated using mitochondrial DNA sequences (Cox1-tRNALeu-Cox2) of 144 individuals from 16 local populations. The high haplotype diversity was accompanied by low nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analysis (Bayesian inference) of the 43 haplotypes revealed no phylogeographic structure.

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and somatic mutations are associated with lung cancer in patients from Southwest China

Y. Fang, Yang, H. Y., Shi, Y. H., Cui, J. H., Li, L. Y., Xu, Y. C., and Shao, J. L., “Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and somatic mutations are associated with lung cancer in patients from Southwest China”, vol. 14, pp. 5031-5043, 2015.

Mitochondrial DNA mutations play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and progression of human malignancies. Therefore, to determine whether maternal background or mitochondrial DNA somatic mutations were essential cofactors in the lung cancer of Chinese patients as well, the complete mitochondrial DNA displacement loop of the primary cancerous, matched para-cancerous normal and distant normal tissues for 79 Chinese patients with lung cancer were analyzed in this study.

Genetic evidence for panmixia of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) populations in China

X. L. Gong, Ren, S. J., Cui, Z. K., and Yue, L. J., “Genetic evidence for panmixia of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) populations in China”, vol. 13, pp. 768-781, 2014.

The Japanese eel population has dramatically declined since the 1970s. In order to conserve this species, the background genetic structure affecting these populations should be well documented. Previous genetic studies of this species have produced seemingly conflicting results, ranging from no detectable heterogeneity to small, but statistically significant variance. This study investigates the population structure of Japanese glass eels collected from 10 localities in China in 2009 using a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci.

Unraveling the variability and genetic structure of barker frog Physalaemus cuvieri (Leiuperinae) populations from different regions of Brazil

M. Conte, Targueta, C. P., Zucchi, M. I., Souza, A. P., and Recco-Pimentel, S. M., “Unraveling the variability and genetic structure of barker frog Physalaemus cuvieri (Leiuperinae) populations from different regions of Brazil”, vol. 13, pp. 8055-8065, 2014.

The barker frog Physalaemus cuvieri is widely distributed in South America and is found in all regions of Brazil. Significant intraspecific morphological variation in this species has been reported. To determine the genetic structure of the natural Brazilian populations of P. cuvieri, 10 different populations geographically separated by 99.41 to 2936.75 km were evaluated using 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In addition, mitochondrial DNA data were analyzed to determine genetic distance between the populations.

Mitochondrial DNA lineages of Italian Giara and Sarcidano horses

L. Morelli, Useli, A., Sanna, D., Barbato, M., Contu, D., Pala, M., Cancedda, M., and Francalacci, P., “Mitochondrial DNA lineages of Italian Giara and Sarcidano horses”, vol. 13, pp. 8241-8257, 2014.

Giara and Sarcidano are 2 of the 15 extant native Italian horse breeds with limited dispersal capability that originated from a larger number of individuals. The 2 breeds live in two distinct isolated locations on the island of Sardinia. To determine the genetic structure and evolutionary history of these 2 Sardinian breeds, the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced and analyzed in 40 Giara and Sarcidano horses and compared with publicly available mtDNA data from 43 Old World breeds.

Comparison of small scale methods for the rapid and efficient extraction of mitochondrial DNA from wheat crop suitable for down-stream processes

M. Ejaz, Qidi, Z., Gaisheng, Z., Qunzhu, W., Na, N., and Huiyan, Z., “Comparison of small scale methods for the rapid and efficient extraction of mitochondrial DNA from wheat crop suitable for down-stream processes”, vol. 13, pp. 10320-10331, 2014.

We evaluated and compared 2 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) extraction methods in terms of DNA quality and success of subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications from yel­low etiolated shoots of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum). mtDNA ex­traction is difficult because the presence of metabolites interfere with DNA isolation procedures and downstream applications such as DNA restriction, amplification, and cloning.

Mitochondrial D-loop nucleotide diversity in Astyanax (Osteichthyes, Characidae) from the upper Paraná and upper Paraguay River basins

A. J. Prioli, Carlo, V. A., Soria, T. V., Prioli, S. M. A. P., Pavanelli, C. S., Prioli, R. A., Gomes, V. N., Júlio, Jr., H. F., and Prioli, L. M., “Mitochondrial D-loop nucleotide diversity in Astyanax (Osteichthyes, Characidae) from the upper Paraná and upper Paraguay River basins”, vol. 11, pp. 1064-1074, 2012.

The morphological discrimination between the species Astyanax altiparanae and A. asuncionensis of the upper Paraná River and Paraguay River basins, respectively, has always been difficult. Two D-loop haplogroups of A. altiparanae are known, one with the presence (AltoPR) or the absence (AltoPR-D) of a 32-bp block similar to that in A. asuncionensis. We examined these samples to characterize A. altiparanae and verify whether A.

Genetic diversity of Setipinna taty (Engraulidae) populations from the China Sea based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences

H. Y. Li, Xu, T. J., Cheng, Y. Z., Sun, D. Q., and Wang, R. X., “Genetic diversity of Setipinna taty (Engraulidae) populations from the China Sea based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences”, vol. 11, pp. 1230-1237, 2012.

The genetic diversity of Setipinna taty, which is commercially fished in the China Sea, was studied based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. PCR was used to amplify the control region fragment in 100 individuals of S. taty collected from Weihai (WH), Yantai (YT), Zhoushan (ZS), Xiangshan (XS), and Ninghai (NH) in China. A control region fragment of 656 bp was successfully sequenced in these 100 individuals. The A+T content of this S. taty control region was 71.7%; 172 variable sites and 62 haplotypes were found.

Complete sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA of aplastic anemia patients

X. Cui, Liu, F., Wang, J. Q., Zhang, W. J., Wang, J. Y., Liu, K., Cui, S. Y., Zhang, J., and Xu, R. R., “Complete sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA of aplastic anemia patients”, vol. 11, pp. 2130-2137, 2012.

This study was primarily undertaken to test the hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations may be associated with aplastic anemia (AA). We analyzed mtDNA sequences from 15 patients with AA. The samples were obtained from bone marrow, and patients’ oral epithelial cells were collected for normal tissue comparison. Total DNA was amplified by PCR after extraction, and these segments were then sent for sequencing. The results were compared with those of oral epithelial tissues as well as mtDNA sequences in the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) database.

Nucleotide variation in the mitochondrial genome provides evidence for dual routes of postglacial recolonization and genetic recombination in the northeastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

B. L. Pilgrim, Perry, R. C., Barron, J. L., and Marshall, H. D., “Nucleotide variation in the mitochondrial genome provides evidence for dual routes of postglacial recolonization and genetic recombination in the northeastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)”, vol. 11, pp. 3466-3481, 2012.

Levels and patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation were examined to investigate the population structure and possible routes of postglacial recolonization of the world’s northernmost native populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), which are found in Labrador, Canada. We analyzed the sequence diversity of a 1960-bp portion of the mitochondrial genome (NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene and part of cytochrome oxidase 1) of 126 fish from 32 lakes distributed throughout seven regions of northeastern Canada.

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