Molecular cloning

Identification and analysis of the jnk1 gene in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Y. M. Xiao, Jiang, M. G., Luo, Z. W., Zhou, Y. H., Wen, S., Wang, M., Zhang, C., and Liu, S. J., Identification and analysis of the jnk1 gene in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), vol. 13, pp. 906-919, 2014.

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily. The allotetraploid crucian carp is a product of distant hybridization of female red crucian carp with male common carp. It is the first natural case of an allotetraploid with stable genetic characters, including fertility of both female and male animals.

Molecular cloning, characterization, and ioactivity analysis of interleukin 18 in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Y. Yan, Wang, Q., Niu, L. L., Deng, J. B., Yu, J. Q., Zhang, Y. Z., Wang, J. X., Yin, M. M., and Tan, X. M., Molecular cloning, characterization, and ioactivity analysis of interleukin 18 in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), vol. 13, pp. 9687-9700, 2014.

Interleukin 18 (IL-18), as a member of IL-1 superfamily, is an important pleiotropic cytokine that modulates Th1 immune responses. In this report, we cloned and identified a homolog of IL-18 in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) (designated as AmIL-18) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The open readin g frame of AmIL-18 cDNA is 579 bp encoding a deduced protein of 192 amino acids. AmIL-18 gDNA fragments contained 5 exons and 4 introns.

Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of the Toll receptor in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon

W. Assavalapsakul and Panyim, S., Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of the Toll receptor in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, vol. 11, pp. 484-493, 2012.

The black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is economically important in many parts of the world, including Thailand. Shrimp immunity is similar to that of other invertebrate organisms; it consists of an innate immunity system. Toll or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in recognizing the cleaved form of the cytokine Spätzle, which is processed by a series of proteolytic cascades activated by secreted recognition molecules. We isolated a full-length Toll receptor from P. monodon.

Cloning and sequencing of the rDNA gene family of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

C. Y. Pang, Deng, T. X., Tang, D. S., Yang, C. Y., Jiang, H., Yang, B. Z., and Liang, X. W., Cloning and sequencing of the rDNA gene family of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), vol. 11, pp. 2878-2883, 2012.

The rDNA genes coding for ribosomal RNA in animals are complicated repeat sequences with high GC content. We amplified water buffalo rDNA gene sequences with the long and accurate (LA) PCR method, using LA Taq DNA polymerase and GC buffer, based on bioinformatic analysis of related organisms. The rDNA genes were found to consist of 9016 nucleotides, including three rRNA genes and two internal transcribed spacers (ITS), which we named 18S rRNA, ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, ITS2 and 28S rRNA.

Molecular cloning and characterization of GbDXS and GbGGPPS gene promoters from Ginkgo biloba

F. Xu, Huang, X. H., Li, L. L., Deng, G., Cheng, H., Rong, X. F., Li, J. B., and Cheng, S. Y., Molecular cloning and characterization of GbDXS and GbGGPPS gene promoters from Ginkgo biloba, vol. 12. pp. 293-301, 2013.

Ginkgolides are key pharmaceutical components in Ginkgo biloba leaves. 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (GbDXS) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GbGGPPS) genes are critical genes involved in ginkgolide biosynthesis. In this study, the promoters of GbDXS and GGPPS, with 676 and 570 bp in length, respectively, were cloned by chromosome walking. The cis-elements of GbDXS and GbGGPPS promoters were predicted and analyzed by the plant cis-acting regulatory element (CARE) database.

The noggin2 gene of Gekko japonicus (Gekkonidae) is down-regulated in the spinal cord after tail amputation

Y. Liu, Zhou, Y. L., Qian, Y. Y., Wang, Y. J., Ding, F., Gu, X. S., and Liu, M., The noggin2 gene of Gekko japonicus (Gekkonidae) is down-regulated in the spinal cord after tail amputation, vol. 9, pp. 1606-1614, 2010.

The cDNA encoding noggin2 protein was obtained from the brain and spinal cord cDNA library of Gekko japonicus. The size of the noggin2 transcript and its expression in different tissues were analyzed by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization revealed positive hybridization signals in both gray and white matter of the spinal cord. Changes in noggin2 expression in the spinal cord after tail amputation were examined by real-time PCR.

Molecular characterization and structure analysis of RPL10/QM-like protein from the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Sciaenidae)

X. Chen, Wu, C. - W., Zhong, S. - P., Zeng, F. - R., Zhang, J. - S., Wang, J., and Niu, S. - F., Molecular characterization and structure analysis of RPL10/QM-like protein from the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Sciaenidae), vol. 10, pp. 576-587, 2011.

The QM-like gene encodes a ribosomal protein L10. Besides housekeeping roles in protein synthesis, QM-like proteins have multiple extraribosomal functions during cell growth, cell differentiation and apoptosis. We obtained the full-length cDNA of QM-like protein (designated as SoQM) from the salt water game fish Sciaenops ocellatus, using RACE-PCR. The sequence consists of 740 bp, encoding 215-amino acid residues with 24.60 kDa.

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