Molecular markers

Assessment of genetic diversity and variation of Robinia pseudoacacia seeds induced by short-term spaceflight based on two molecular marker systems and morphological traits

C. Q. Yuan, Li, Y. F., Sun, P., Sun, Y. H., Zhang, G. J., Yang, M. S., Zhang, Y. Y., Li, Y., and Wang, L., Assessment of genetic diversity and variation of Robinia pseudoacacia seeds induced by short-term spaceflight based on two molecular marker systems and morphological traits, vol. 11, pp. 4268-4277, 2012.

The black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a forest legume that is highly valued as a honey plant and for its wood. We explored the effect of short-term spaceflight on development of R. pseudoacacia seedlings derived from seeds that endured a 15-day flight; the genetic diversity and variation of plants sampled from space-mutagenized seeds were compared to plants from parallel ground-based control seeds using molecular markers and morphological traits.

Identification of earl millet cultivars using both microsatellites and enzymatic markers

R. P. Mendonça Neto, Von Pinho, E. V. R., Carvalho, B. L., and Pereira, G. S., Identification of earl millet cultivars using both microsatellites and enzymatic markers, vol. 12, pp. 1-14, 2013.

The increasing number of protected and registered cultivars and problems involving seed commercialization make distinction and identification of cultivars imperative. Millet (Pennisetum glaucum), a crop species with protected cultivars in Brazil, has been the target of seed piracy.

Microsatellite markers for genetic studies of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

V. A. C. Pavinato, Martinelli, S., de Lima, P. F., Zucchi, M. I., and Omoto, C., Microsatellite markers for genetic studies of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, vol. 12. pp. 370-380, 2013.

We developed six microsatellite markers for the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The SSR loci were isolated with enriched genomic library protocol by using native individuals as a genome source for markers. These loci were characterized in 48 individuals and they were tested for the ability to identify candidate migrants exchanged among the samples. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 18 (10.8 on average). The observed polymorphism information content ranged from 0.172 to 0.891.

Genetic divergence among Brazilian garlic cultivars based on morphological characters and AFLP markers

R. G. F. Morales, Resende, J. T. V., Resende, F. V., Delatorre, C. A., Figueiredo, A. S. T., and Da-Silva, P. R., Genetic divergence among Brazilian garlic cultivars based on morphological characters and AFLP markers, vol. 12, pp. 270-281, 2013.

Outside its centers of origin, garlic propagates only asexually. Since asexual reproduction leads to the absence of meiotic recombination, the main garlic cultivars available for cultivation have arisen from the accumulation of somatic mutations in early cultivars. Thus, it is common for a single clone to have different names in different regions. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 20 garlic cultivars by using morphological characters and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to identify possible duplicate cultivars.

Effect of two single nucleotide polymorphisms on milk yield and composition

J. C. Rincón, López-Herrera, A., and Echeverri, J. J., Effect of two single nucleotide polymorphisms on milk yield and composition, vol. 12, pp. 995-1004, 2013.

The bovine prolactin (PRL) and bovine growth hormone (bGH) genes exhibit several polymorphisms. Some of them can be detected by molecular techniques using restriction endonucleases, such as RsaI for the PRL gene and MspI for the bGH gene. We examined the relationship between the PRL-RsaI and bGH-MspI polymorphisms and some economically important characteristics of Holstein cows. Research was conducted on 315 Holstein cows from 5 municipalities in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia.

Evaluation of genetic diversity in fig accessions by using microsatellite markers

A. D. Bdo Val, Souza, C. S., Ferreira, E. A., Salgado, S. M. L., Pasqual, M., and Cançado, G. M. A., Evaluation of genetic diversity in fig accessions by using microsatellite markers, vol. 12, pp. 1383-1391, 2013.

Fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit of great importance worldwide. Its propagation is carried out with stem cuttings, a procedure that favors the occurrence of synonymy among specimens. Thus, molecular markers have become an important tool for studies of DNA fingerprinting, germplasm characterization, and genetic diversity evaluation in this plant species. The aim of this study was the analysis of genetic diversity among accessions of fig and the detection of synonyms among samples using molecular markers.

Genetic diversity analysis of the Uruguayan Creole cattle breed using microsatellites and mtDNA markers

E. Armstrong, Iriarte, A., Martínez, A. M., Feijoo, M., Vega-Pla, J. L., Delgado, J. V., and Postiglioni, A., Genetic diversity analysis of the Uruguayan Creole cattle breed using microsatellites and mtDNA markers, vol. 12, pp. 1119-1131, 2013.

The Uruguayan Creole cattle population (N = 600) is located in a native habitat in south-east Uruguay. We analyzed its genetic diversity and compared it to other populations of American Creole cattle. A random sample of 64 animals was genotyped for a set of 17 microsatellite loci, and the D-loop hyper-variable region of mtDNA was sequenced for 28 calves of the same generation. We identified an average of 5.59 alleles per locus, with expected heterozygosities between 0.466 and 0.850 and an expected mean heterozygosity of 0.664.

Genetic diversity studies in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using simple sequence repeat markers

P. Kumari, Basal, N., Singh, A. K., Rai, V. P., Srivastava, C. P., and Singh, P. K., Genetic diversity studies in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using simple sequence repeat markers, vol. 12, pp. 3540-3550, 2013.

The genetic diversity among 28 pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes was analyzed using 32 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 44 polymorphic bands, with an average of 2.1 bands per primer, were obtained. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.657 to 0.309 with an average of 0.493. The variation in genetic diversity among these cultivars ranged from 0.11 to 0.73.

A molecular marker for in situ genetic resource conservation of Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum (Solanaceae)

N. Kaewdoungdee and Tanee, T., A molecular marker for in situ genetic resource conservation of Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum (Solanaceae), vol. 12, pp. 3529-3539, 2013.

The Thailand cultivar pepper 'phrik man bangchang' (Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum, Solanaceae) was originally cultivated in the Bangchang Subdistrict, Amphawa District in Samut Songkhram Province. The cultivated areas are limited; we verified its distribution in Thailand for in situ 'phrik man bangchang' genetic resource conservation. Samples were collected from the original cultivation area of Bangchang Subdistrict (Or) and were randomly explored in Ratchaburi Province (RB), Khon Kaen Province (KK), and Sakon Nakhon Province (SN).

Initial assessment of natural diversity in Mexican fig landraces

M. T. García-Ruiz, Mendoza-Castillo, V. M., Valadez-Moctezuma, E., and Muratalla-Lúa, A., Initial assessment of natural diversity in Mexican fig landraces, vol. 12, pp. 3931-3943, 2013.

The common fig (Ficus carica L.) was introduced into Mexico by Spanish Franciscan missionaries in the 16th century. It is widely assumed that Mexican figs are the Spanish cultivar Black Mission. We collected and propagated 12 fig plants from six landraces from different states in Central Mexico that represent different climate. All of them were grown in a greenhouse at Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, in the State of Mexico.

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