morphology

Biological changes of Enterococcus faecalis in the viable but nonculturable state

J. E, Jiang, Y. T., Yan, P. F., and Liang, J. P., Biological changes of Enterococcus faecalis in the viable but nonculturable state, vol. 14, pp. 14790-14801, 2015.

Enterococcus faecalis may enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under adverse conditions. E. faecalis, the major bacterial species present in failed root canal treatments, is thought to survive after endodontic treatment by entering a VBNC state. In this study, we characterized the VBNC state of E. faecalis. We designed 3 different protocols to successfully induce the VBNC state. Approximately one-third of bacteria entered a VBNC state after 15-30 days, and all remained viable for at least 2 months.

Morphological and phylogeographic analysis of Brazilian tortoises (Testudinidae)

T. L. Silva, Venancio, L. P. R., and Bonini-Domingos, C. R., Morphological and phylogeographic analysis of Brazilian tortoises (Testudinidae), vol. 14. pp. 18604-18606, 2015.

The discriminative potentials of biogeography, vocalization, morphology, cytogenetics, hemoglobin, and molecular profiling of cytochrome b as taxonomic techniques for differentiating Brazilian tortoises were evaluated in this study. In Brazil, two species of tortoises are described, Chelonoidis carbonarius and Chelonoidis denticulatus. However, in the present study, some animals that were initially recognized based on morphological characters and coloring did not correspond to the typical pattern of C.

Consistency between molecular phylogeny and morphological classification of the Salix matsudana Koidz. complex (Salicaceae)

S. H. Du, Wang, Z. S., Li, Y. X., Wang, D. S., and Zhang, J. G., Consistency between molecular phylogeny and morphological classification of the Salix matsudana Koidz. complex (Salicaceae), vol. 14, pp. 8663-8671, 2015.

The morphological species concept is based on morpho­logical traits, which are often subject to subjectivity or artifact. Molecular evidence is needed to test the reliability of morphological classification of taxa that are controversial and to provide appropriate taxonomic de­limitation. In this study, we used 15 single-copy nuclear loci and 2 chlo­roplast fragments to verify the morphological classification of the Salix matsudana Koidz. complex using phylogenetic approaches.

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