Pollen viability

Verification and characterization of chromosome duplication in haploid maize

E. Gde Oliveir Couto, Von Pinho, E. V. Resende, Von Pinho, R. G., Veiga, A. D., de Carvalho, M. R., F. Bustamante, deOliveira, and Nascimento, M. S., Verification and characterization of chromosome duplication in haploid maize, vol. 14, pp. 6999-7007, 2015.

Doubled haploid technology has been used by various private companies. However, information regarding chromosome duplication methodologies, particularly those concerning techniques used to identify duplication in cells, is limited. Thus, we analyzed and characterized artificially doubled haploids using microsatellites molecular markers, pollen viability, and flow cytometry techniques.

Selfing rate estimation in sugarcane under unfavorable natural conditions of crossing by using microsatellite markers

M. L. G. Melloni, Scarpari, M. S., Pinto, L. R., Perecin, D., Xavier, M. A., and Landell, M. G. A., Selfing rate estimation in sugarcane under unfavorable natural conditions of crossing by using microsatellite markers, vol. 13, pp. 2278-2289, 2014.

The self-fertilization or selfing rate estimation using microsatellite markers and its impact on survival and selection rate were evaluated in families derived from polycrosses that involved parents that were widely used in sugarcane breeding in Brazil. These factors were evaluated under unfavorable natural conditions of flowering and crossing. After the germination test, the viable progeny were taken to the field for survival rate evaluation (4, 6, and 10 months) and phenotypic selection at plant cane.

Chromosome number, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen viability in the Brazilian native grass Mesosetum chaseae (Poaceae)

L. A. C. Silva, Pagliarini, M. S., Santos, S. A., Silva, N., and Souza, V. F., Chromosome number, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen viability in the Brazilian native grass Mesosetum chaseae (Poaceae), vol. 11, pp. 4100-4109, 2012.

The genus Mesosetum is a primarily South American genus with 42 species. Mesosetum chaseae, regionally known as ‘grama-do-cerrado’, is abundant in the Pantanal Matogrossense (Brazil); it is a valuable resource for livestock and for environmental conservation. We collected specimens from the Nhecolandia sub-region of the Brazilian Pantanal, located in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. We examined chromosome number, ploidy level, meiotic behavior, microgametogenesis, and pollen viability of 10 accessions.

Cytogenetic and anatomic behavior of cytochimeras and total polyploids in cassava

D. Y. Hashimoto-Freitas and Nassar, N. M. A., Cytogenetic and anatomic behavior of cytochimeras and total polyploids in cassava, vol. 12, pp. 4879-4894, 2013.

Cassava periclinal cytochimeras, cultivars, and interspecific hybrid and polyploid types were studied in relation to embryonic, cytogenetic, and anatomical behavior. Their apical shoots, pollen grains, male and female buds, roots, stomata, and flowering period were analyzed. Chimeras exhibited increased size of L1 and L2 cells. Polyploidy led to enlargement of stomata in chimeras whereas L2 gave tetraploid chromosome configurations, tetrad irregularity, decrease of pollen viability, and increase in frequency of polyembryo sacs.

Meiotic behavior and pollen viability in Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) cultivated in southern Brazil

N. Silva, Mendes-Bonato, A. B., Sales, J. G. C., and Pagliarini, M. S., Meiotic behavior and pollen viability in Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) cultivated in southern Brazil, vol. 10. pp. 1728-1732, 2011.

Although originally from India, Moringa oleifera is now cultivated throughout most of the tropics, including Brazil. Despite its multipurpose value for food and traditional medicine, little is known about the meiotic behavior and pollen viability of M. oleifera. We evaluated microsporogenesis and pollen viability in eleven plants grown in southern Brazil (Maringá, Paraná). Bud flowers were collected in different stages of development. All plants that we analyzed presented 2n = 28 chromosomes, as previously reported for this species.

Evidence of allopolyploidy in Brachiaria brizantha (Poaceae: Paniceae) through chromosome arrangement at metaphase plate during microsporogenesis

C. Risso-Pascotto, Mendes, D. V., Silva, N., Pagliarini, M. S., and Valle, C. B., Evidence of allopolyploidy in Brachiaria brizantha (Poaceae: Paniceae) through chromosome arrangement at metaphase plate during microsporogenesis, vol. 5, pp. 797-803, 2006.

In the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 54) accession B176 of Brachiaria brizantha, one cytological characteristic differentiated it from the other accessions previously analyzed with the same ploidy level. Nearly 40% of meiocytes displayed the chromosome set arranged at two metaphase plates at the poles of the cell, close to the membrane. In these cells, both metaphase plates were arranged in an angle to form a typical tripolar spindle. Therefore, cells did not show normal chromosome segregation at anaphase I.

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