Random amplified polymorphic DNA

Analysis of genetic diversity in Larix gmelinii (Pinaceae) with RAPD and ISSR markers

L. Zhang, Zhang, H. G., and Li, X. F., Analysis of genetic diversity in Larix gmelinii (Pinaceae) with RAPD and ISSR markers, vol. 12. pp. 196-207, 2013.

Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii), a deciduous conifer, is the northernmost tree, native to eastern Siberia and nearby regions of China. We used growth traits and molecular markers to assess genetic variation in different L. gmelinii growing regions; 105 individual samples were collected from seven regions of the Qingshan Forestry Centre, Heilongjiang Province, China. The greatest genetic regional variation was seen in the Youhao area, based on coefficients of variation for tree height, diameter and volume (14.73, 28.25, and 55.27%, respectively).

Molecular characterization of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination of wheat grains from Saudi Arabia

A. S. Al-Wadai, Al-Othman, M. R., Mahmoud, M. A., and El-Aziz, A. R. M. Abd, Molecular characterization of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination of wheat grains from Saudi Arabia, vol. 12, pp. 3335-3352, 2013.

Twelve species belonging to six fungal genera were found to be associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain samples collected from three main regions in Saudi Arabia. The most common genera (average frequency) were Aspergillus (14.3%), Fusarium (29.1%), Penicillium (9.3%), and Alternaria (8.2%). Nineteen isolates of Aspergillus flavus were screened for their ability to produce aflatoxins using HPLC. Thirteen isolates produced aflatoxins ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 μg/kg.

Genetic characterization of natural populations of the medicinal plant Palicourea coriacea (Rubiaceae) with molecular markers

T. C. S. Barbosa, Sibov, S. T., Telles, M. P. C., and Soares, T. N., Genetic characterization of natural populations of the medicinal plant Palicourea coriacea (Rubiaceae) with molecular markers, vol. 9, pp. 695-704, 2010.

Palicourea coriacea (Rubiaceae) is a herbaceous, perennial species typical of the Cerrado; it is popularly known as “douradinha”, because of its yellow flowers. It is utilized in popular medicine, mainly for the treatment of renal diseases. We used RAPD markers to evaluate the genetic structure of nine natural populations of P. coriacea, totaling 168 individuals, collected in the States of Goiás and Bahia. This species showed a high level of genetic diversity, with He values varying between 0.259 and 0.338, with an overall mean of 0.296.

Genetic relationships among and within wild and cultivated olives based on RAPDs

M. Sesli and Yegenoglu, E. D., Genetic relationships among and within wild and cultivated olives based on RAPDs, vol. 9, pp. 1550-1556, 2010.

We examined genetic relationships among wild and cultivated olives, which is a very important crop in the economy of the Aegean region. We used RAPD analysis to evaluate relationships among and within 22 olive subspecies from Manisa, Mugla and Izmir provinces in Turkey. Twelve of the subspecies were wild and 10 were cultivated olives. Fifty-two primers were used (OP-Q 1-20, OP-I 1-20, OP-F 14-15-16-17, and OP-K 1-8) and 49 polymorphic bands were selected and used for analysis.

Genetic variability among natural populations of Zaprionus indianus (Drosophilidae) in the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil

D. Braganholi, Bélo, M., Bertoni, B. W., Fachin, A. L., Beleboni, R. O., and Zingaretti, S. M., Genetic variability among natural populations of Zaprionus indianus (Drosophilidae) in the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil, vol. 9, pp. 1504-1512, 2010.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to detect polymorphisms among Zaprionus indianus fly populations collected from six municipalities in the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. This species is an important, recently introduced fruit fly pest of figs and other fruit. Among 21 primers, 16 produced 73 reproducible polymorphic fragments; primer AM-9 produced the greatest number of polymorphic bands (nine), with 52% genetic variability among populations. Genetic divergence analysis of the Z.

Genetic diversity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm in Pakistan as revealed by RAPD analysis

F. Ahmad, Khan, A. I., Awan, F. S., Sadia, B., Sadaqat, H. A., and Bahadur, S., Genetic diversity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm in Pakistan as revealed by RAPD analysis, vol. 9, pp. 1414-1420, 2010.

Genetic diversity analysis of chickpea germplasm can provide practical information for the selection of parental material and thus assist in planning breeding strategies. Chickpea seed is a good source of carbohydrates and proteins, constituting 80% of the total dry seed weight. Released cultivars and advanced lines of 30 chickpea genotypes were subjected to RAPD analysis for assessment of genetic diversity. We used 16 RAPD primers. Amplification of genomic DNA of the 30 genotypes yielded 62 fragments that could be scored.

Cytogenetic and random ampliied polymorphic DNA analysis of Leptodactylus species from rural and urban environments (Anura, Amphibia)

M. P. Arruda and Morielle-Versute, E., Cytogenetic and random ampliied polymorphic DNA analysis of Leptodactylus species from rural and urban environments (Anura, Amphibia), vol. 7, pp. 161-176, 2008.

Cytogenetic and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses carried out in the species Leptodactylus podicipinus, L. ocellatus, L. labyrinthicus, and L. fuscus from rural and urban habitats of the northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil, showed that the karyotypes (2n = 22), constitutive heterochromatin distribution and nucleolus organizer region (NOR) location did not differ between the populations from the two environments.

Genetic characterization of Brazilian strains of Aspergillus flavus using DNA markers

P. P. Batista, Santos, J. F., Oliveira, N. T., Pires, A. P. D., Motta, C. M. S., and Lima, E. A. Luna- Alves, Genetic characterization of Brazilian strains of Aspergillus flavus using DNA markers, vol. 7, pp. 706-717, 2008.

The Aspergillus genus belongs to a filamentous fungal group characterized by wide dispersion in the environment. Some species are associated with diseases, especially in immunocompromised patients, while others are of economical importance due to aflatoxin production or biotechnological applications. Its species identification is nowadays performed by traditional techniques combined with molecular markers, resulting in a higher efficiency of isolate characterization.

Genetic diversity studies of Brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic-clover production

G. S. C. Buso, Paiva, M. R., Torres, A. C., Resende, F. V., Ferreira, M. A., Buso, J. A., and Dusi, A. N., Genetic diversity studies of Brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic-clover production, vol. 7, pp. 534-541, 2008.

The garlic cultivars grown in Brazil evolved from somatic mutations and clone selection by breeding programs and by the introduction of germplasm from other countries. Morphological characters have been used to differentiate these cultivars. Two hundred and six random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were utilized for a diversity analysis of the 17 most planted garlic cultivars in Brazil. Bootstrap analysis showed that the number of markers was efficient and sufficient to obtain a coefficient of variation of 10%.

Molecular markers in commercial Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) hybrids susceptible to multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus

L. F. C. Ribeiro, Zanatta, D. B., Bravo, J. P., Brancalhão, R. M. C., and Fernandez, M. A., Molecular markers in commercial Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) hybrids susceptible to multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, vol. 8, pp. 144-153, 2009.

The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is particularly susceptible to virus diseases, especially B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Disease resistance, along with high productivity, are important selection criteria for developing commercial hybrids of B. mori. We used bioassays and molecular markers linked to susceptibility/resistance to baculovirus infection to analyze the response of commercial B. mori hybrids from two companies to a geographic isolate of B. mori multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmMNPV) from Paraná state in Brazil.

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