Toll-like receptor

Sequence characterization and phylogenetic analysis of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 gene in the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana)

Q. X. Dai, Yao, Y. F., Qi, Z. C., Huang, Y., Ni, Q. Y., Zhang, M. W., and Xu, H. L., “Sequence characterization and phylogenetic analysis of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 gene in the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana)”, vol. 14, pp. 1875-1886, 2015.

In this study, the complete coding region sequence of an innate immune-related TLR4 gene was obtained from the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) genome via PCR and direct sequencing. The sequence had a total length of 2481 bp, contained 3 complete exons, and encoded 826 amino acids (AAs); its isoelectric point was 5.703, and the molecular weight was 94.72 kDa. The high structure prediction showed that the protein was comprised of one extracellular region, one transmembrane region, and one intracellular region.

Characterization and expression analysis of Toll-like receptor 3 cDNA from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

R. Vidal, González, R., and Gil, F., “Characterization and expression analysis of Toll-like receptor 3 cDNA from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)”, vol. 14, pp. 6073-6083, 2015.

Innate pathway activation is fundamental for early anti-viral defense in fish, but currently there is insufficient understanding of how salmonid fish identify viral molecules and activate these pathways. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) is believed to play a crucial role in host defense of pathogenic microbes in the innate immune system. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of Salmo salar TLR3 (ssTLR3) was cloned. The ssTLR3 cDNA sequence was 6071 bp long, containing an open reading frame of 2754 bp and encoding 971 amino acids.

Meta-analysis demonstrates association between TLR polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis

Y. H. Lee, Bae, S. - C., and Song, G. G., “Meta-analysis demonstrates association between TLR polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis”, vol. 12, pp. 328-334, 2013.

We investigated whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) polymorphisms confer susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and whether they influence clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis. Studies were considered relevant for our meta-analysis if at least two comparisons of an issue were available. Eleven studies with 2078 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 2581 controls were included, encompassing European and Asian studies.

Genetic polymorphisms in TLR4, CR1 and Duffy genes are not associated with malaria resistance in patients from Baixo Amazonas region, Brazil

S. C. Soares, Abé-Sandes, K., Filho, V. B. Nascimento, Nunes, F. M. F., and Silva, Jr., W. A., “Genetic polymorphisms in TLR4, CR1 and Duffy genes are not associated with malaria resistance in patients from Baixo Amazonas region, Brazil”, vol. 7, pp. 1011-1019, 2008.

The main purpose of this research was to analyze the relation of the genetic polymorphisms frequently expressed by antigen-presenting cells, erythrocytes and malaria susceptibility/resistance with the human malaria infection cases. The sample used consisted of 23 Plasmodium vivax (Pv)- and P. falciparum (Pf)-infected patients, and 21 healthy individuals as a control group, from the Baixo Amazonas population in Pará, Brazil.

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