Wheat

Dynamic QTL analysis of protein content and glutamine synthetase activity in recombinant inbred wheat lines

H. M. Li, Liang, H., Li, Z., Tang, Z. X., Fu, S. L., Geng, Y. Y., Yan, B. J., and Ren, Z. L., “Dynamic QTL analysis of protein content and glutamine synthetase activity in recombinant inbred wheat lines”, vol. 14, pp. 8706-8715, 2015.

Protein content (PC) is a crucial factor that determines the end-use and nutritional quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Glutamine synthetase (GS), which is a major participant in nitrogen metabolism, can convert inorganic nitrogen into organic nitrogen. Although many studies have been conducted on PC and GS, a dynamic analysis of all of the filling stages has not been conducted.

Relationship between male sterility and β-1,3-glucanase activity and callose deposition-related gene expression in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

H. Z. Liu, Zhang, G. S., Zhu, W. W., Ba, Q. S., Niu, N., Wang, J. W., Ma, S. C., and Wang, J. S., “Relationship between male sterility and β-1,3-glucanase activity and callose deposition-related gene expression in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”, vol. 14, pp. 574-584, 2015.

In previous studies, we first isolated one different protein β-1,3-glucanase using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry from normal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chemical hybridization agent-induced male sterility (CIMS) wheat. In this experiment, β-1,3-glucanase activity and the expression of a callose deposition-related gene, UDP-glucose phosphorylase (UGPase), were determinate in normal, CIMS, and genetic male sterility (GS) wheat.

Identification of differentially expressed genes in a pistillody common wheat mutant using an annealing control primer system

M. L. Liao, Peng, Z. S., Yang, Z. J., Wei, S. H., and Martinek, P., “Identification of differentially expressed genes in a pistillody common wheat mutant using an annealing control primer system”, vol. 14, pp. 3995-4004, 2015.

HTS-1 is a new kind of pistillody wheat. All or parts of its stamen are transformed into pistils or pistil-like structures, and it has more seed sets per floret than normal wheat under normal cultivation conditions. To investigate the expression divergence in this mutant, an annealing control primer system was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the young spikelets. As a result, three DEGs, including HDB2, HGF2, and HCG4, were detected, with variable expression in HTS-1 and the control.

Mapping quantitative trait loci with additive effects and additive x additive epistatic interactions for biomass yield, grain yield, and straw yield using a doubled haploid population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Z. K. Li, Jiang, X. L., Peng, T., Shi, C. L., Han, S. X., Tian, B., Zhu, Z. L., and Tian, J. C., “Mapping quantitative trait loci with additive effects and additive x additive epistatic interactions for biomass yield, grain yield, and straw yield using a doubled haploid population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”, vol. 13, pp. 1412-1424, 2014.

Biomass yield is one of the most important traits for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-breeding programs. Increasing the yield of the aerial parts of wheat varieties will be an integral component of future wheat improvement; however, little is known regarding the genetic control of aerial part yield. A doubled haploid population, comprising 168 lines derived from a cross between two winter wheat cultivars, 'Huapei 3' (HP3) and 'Yumai 57' (YM57), was investigated.

Biolistic transformation of wheat using the HMW-GS 1Dx5 gene without selectable markers

J. B. Qin, Wang, Y., and Zhu, C. Q., “Biolistic transformation of wheat using the HMW-GS 1Dx5 gene without selectable markers”, vol. 13, pp. 4361-4371, 2014.

Genetic manipulation using linear DNA was applied to the common wheat variety Xindong No. 26 via particle bombardment with the aim to improve bread-making quality of flour. Initially, 2 biolistic parameters, helium pressure and target distance, were optimized using plasmid pAHC25. We transformed wheat immature embryo scutella with the linear 1Dx5 gene without selectable markers. The highest transient β-glucuronidase expression was obtained when scuttles were bombarded at 1100 psi with a 9-cm target distance.

Differential expression of resistance to powdery mildew at the early stage of development in wheat line N0308

M. A. Alam, Hongpo, W., Hong, Z., and Ji, W. Q., “Differential expression of resistance to powdery mildew at the early stage of development in wheat line N0308”, vol. 13, pp. 4289-4301, 2014.

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (Bgt) is one of the devastating diseases of wheat and causes yield losses in temperate wheat growing regions. A wheat line, N0308 with resistance to powdery mildew was used in this study. A suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed from the wheat leaves inoculated by Bgt at the two-leaf stage.

Quality trait variations in [60Co]-irradiated wheat and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit mutant identification

D. - E. Lai, Wang, M., and Zhang, C. - Y., “Quality trait variations in [60Co]-irradiated wheat and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit mutant identification”, vol. 13, pp. 9024-9031, 2014.

With 300 Gy of [60Co] γ-ray radiation of dry wheat seeds of Vortex 9722, the protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, and hardness variation were analyzed in 341 lines in M4. Using over population mean ± 2X standard deviation as the screening standard, 8 lines with higher protein and wet gluten content and 4 lines with lower protein and wet gluten content were selected. In the M5 generation, the quality traits - silty parameters and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) - were further analyzed in these 12 lines.

Identification and sequence analysis of grain softness protein in selected wheat, rye and triticale

M. A. S. Kharrazi and Bobojonov, V., “Identification and sequence analysis of grain softness protein in selected wheat, rye and triticale”, vol. 11, pp. 2578-2584, 2012.

Grain softness protein (GSP) is an important protein for overcoming milling and grain defenses in the innate immunity systems of cereals. The objective of this study was to evaluate and understand GSP sequences in selected wheat, rye and triticale. Using sequences for this gene from a sequence database, we performed clustering analysis to compare the sequences obtained from 3 germplasms with other studied sequences for GSP. The maximum difference between the Hirmand GSP genotype in wheat and the database sequences was 23% in EF109396 and EF109399.

Bulked segregant analysis for relative water content to detect quantitative trait loci in wheat under drought stress

M. R. Naroui Rad, M. Kadir, A., Rafii, M. Y., Jaafar, H. Z. E., and Naghavi, M. R., “Bulked segregant analysis for relative water content to detect quantitative trait loci in wheat under drought stress”, vol. 11, pp. 3882-3888, 2012.

This study was carried out to evaluate the genetic effect of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring drought tolerance in wheat. A population of 120 F2 individuals from the cross between the drought-tolerant S-78-11 and drought-sensitive Tajan cultivars were analyzed for their segregation under drought stress conditions. The relative water content under drought stress conditions exhibited continuous variation, indicating the minor gene effects on the trait. Single-marker analysis (SMA) was carried out to detect the main QTL association with drought tolerance.

Major quality trait analysis and QTL detection in hexaploid wheat in humid rain-fed agriculture

H. M. Li, Tang, Z. X., Zhang, H. Q., Yan, B. J., and Ren, Z. L., “Major quality trait analysis and QTL detection in hexaploid wheat in humid rain-fed agriculture”, vol. 12, pp. 1740-1751, 2013.

Humid rain-fed agriculture is a special environment for wheat (Triticum aestivum) culture that tends to negatively affect wheat yield and quality. To identify quality characters of wheat in a humid environment, we conducted quality analysis and quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection in a recombinant inbred line whose parent had a high level of quality for several years. We found that high-quality wheat had less gluten content and lower protein content. Apparently, wheat quality and associated quantity traits were in a dynamic state of equilibrium.

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